小學教科書中的中華史觀之研究 ---兼論台灣史教學與困境

Abstract

摘 要

二次大戰在美國於日本投下兩顆原子彈後，隨著日本的投降終於劃下了句點，並結束在台灣五十年的殖民地統治。中華民國政府自國共內戰失利後，在美國的允諾下流亡至台，台灣成為國際強權冷戰下的結構體。國民政府入台後，因失去大陸政權的同時，檢討戰敗的因素中，為了鞏固其政權的穩定性及闡釋其正當性。對於全面掌控台灣的同時，也著手於教育的改變，並以「去日本化」及全面「中國化」的的教育方針為指導原則。威權黨國體制為了確保以中國為主的國家認同和政權的合法性，長期透過戒嚴手段限制人民的言論自由，並掌控教育體系，以中國為主體的意識型態加之於人民，特別以「中國意識」為座標的歷史教育，作為形塑意識型態為基礎與工具。

透過教科書的史觀的探討，讓我們檢視過去教科書中的史觀特色，去瞭解中華史觀下對台灣島民思維脈絡，國民政府對中華史觀的詮釋，及形塑台灣民族的國家認同。在霸權文化下，台灣人所建立的歷史觀，亦深受中原史觀之影響其思考邏輯與國家認同的關係。歷經「228事件」及白色恐怖的經驗，以及全面的「中國化」史觀薰陶下。後殖民的台灣人民，如患有「斯德歌爾摩症候群」般，受虐者認同加害者，其思考邏輯也呈現錯亂，誤以為「維持現狀」就是最好的生存之道，殊不知台灣的處境如同「溫水中的青蛙」。因為過去的教科書從未告訴過你自身的歷史，中華民國在台政權的合法性？台灣國際地位的真相，仍未脫離後冷戰的架構下。

透過教科書的質性分析，及幾位資深教師現場多年的教學體驗，並利用社會科學法的問卷調查，來印證戰後小學教科書中的台灣史觀，呈現的面向，以瞭解台灣史學教育中所產生的遺緒，及台灣人民的思維，以及台灣在建立主體性教育及文化所面臨的困境。

英 文 摘 要

World War II after the U.S. dropped two atomic bombs in Japan, with the surrender of Japan finally draw the dot and the end of colonial rule in Taiwan for 50 years. The Government of the Republic of China after the defeat of the civil war, exile in the United States promises to Taiwan, Taiwan has become the international powers under the Cold War structure. National Government to enter Taiwan, due to loss of the mainland regime at the same time, review the factors of the defeat, in order to consolidate the stability of his regime and to explain its legitimacy. Full control at the same time, begin to change in education, and to go to Japan "and comprehensive" China "and the education policy as the guiding principle. Authoritarian party-state system in order to ensure that the China-based national identity and legitimacy of the regime, long-term limit people''s freedom of expression through martial law means, and control of the education system, with China as the main ideology is imposed on the people, especially the "Chinese consciousness coordinates the history of education as shaping the ideology and tools.

Through the textbook history of, let us view the past in the textbook history characteristics, to understand the Chinese history Islander thinking context in Taiwan, the Nationalist government''s interpretation of the history of China, and shaping the national identity of ethnic groups in Taiwan. Under the hegemony of history created by the Taiwanese, and also by the Central Plains history of the relationship between logical thinking, and national identity. After the "228 Incident" and white terror of the experience, as well as comprehensive "view of history nurtured. Post-colonial people of Taiwan, such as suffering from "Stockholm syndrome", abused identity perpetrators, their logical thinking, showing confusion, mistaking the "status quo" is the best way to survive, does not know that Taiwan situation as a "frog in warm water. Because in the past textbooks never told your own history, the legitimacy of the Republic of China on the Taiwan regime? Taiwan''s international status of the truth, not yet out of the post-Cold War framework.

Through qualitative analysis of the textbooks, and several senior teachers live for many years teaching experience, and use of social survey of the scientific method to prove the post-war primary school textbooks in Taiwan history, showing oriented in order to understand the History of Education in Taiwan generated by the legacy of the thinking of the people of Taiwan, and Taiwan faced in the establishment of the subjectivity education and cultural predicament.