民營企業在中國大陸「西部大開發」中發展戰略之研究

Abstract

中國大陸自1979年實施改革開放以來，東部沿海地區的經濟發展，獲得了高速的增長。而西部地區由於改革開放的步伐較為遲緩，又長期擔任向沿海地區提供基礎性工業原材料產品、和初級加工產品的指令性任務，加上中央政府投資比東部地區少及文化素質與地緣關係等因素的影響，導致東西部地區間的貧富差距快速擴大。中共為了消除貧富差距可能產生的社會矛盾現象，及實現鄧小平第三步走的戰略目標，自2000年起實施「西部大開發」戰略，期望到2050年中國大陸能夠實現人均國內生產總值(GDP) 4000美元，進入中等發達國家的水準。顯然西部大開發能能否成功？是中共能否實現第三步戰略目標的主要關鍵。而在經濟發展中離不開民營企業的參與，因此民營企業在西部大開發中將扮演什麼角色？值得我們研究與探討。 依據經濟部國際貿易局統計顯示，93年臺灣與大陸貿易總額估計為616.39億美元，比92年成長33.1%，占臺灣外貿總額18%，其中臺灣輸出金額為449.6億美元，增長27.2%；進口金額為166.79億美元，增長52.2%。貿易順差高達282.81億美元，增長15.9%。目前中國大陸不僅是我國最大的對外投資區；而且自民國92年第四季後，就取代美國成為我國最大的出口貿易市場，也是我國最大的順差來源，如果沒有對中國大陸的貿易順差，臺灣的外貿就會呈現逆差狀態，臺灣的經濟有可能向後倒退。故站在關心臺灣經濟發展的立場，必須重視中國大陸「西部大開發」的進程，及其對臺商所帶來的機遇與挑戰。 本論文嘗試從經濟全球化、區域經濟合作、地緣經濟環境等層次逐一探討，分析民營企業在「西部大開發」中的發展，有哪些機遇與挑戰？希望對臺商到大陸西部地區投資能有所幫助。

Since “"the policy of reform and opening up" was conducted in 1979, the east coastline region of China gained lots of growth. Yet, the western region was slow in the development of the policy of reform and opening up due to the prescriptive mission of offering the infrastructural industrial material and primary product. Besides, the comparatively less investment of central government in the western region, culture development and geographical reason all contributed to the widening of poverty gap. In an attempt to eliminate the probable contradictory phenomena caused by the poverty gap and to realize the “three steps” strategy goal brought forth by Deng Xiao Ping, the government of China conducted the strategy of developing the western region in 2000 and hoped to reach the goal of GDP four thousand US dollars per capita by 2050 as a medium developing country. The key to realize the three steps strategy goal would be largely relied on the success of development of the western region. Private enterprises play a major role in the development of the economy. Therefore, the role played by the private enterprises in the development of the western region would worth our study and discussion. According to the statistics of the Bureau of Foreign Trade in Taiwan, the total amount of trade transaction between Taiwan and Mainland was estimated to 61.6 billion US dollars in 2004, which was a growth of 33.1 percent comparing to that of 2003 and account for 18 percent of Taiwan foreign trade. The export amount was more than 44.9 billion US dollars, a growth of 27.2 percent. The import amount was more than 16.6 billion US dollars, a growth of 52.2 percent. The trade surplus was more than 28.2 billion dollars, a growth of 15.9 percent. Currently, China is not only the biggest foreign investment area to Taiwan but also the biggest export trade market and trade surplus country after the fourth quarter of 2003 in a substitute to United States. Without the trade surplus to China, Taiwan foreign trade will be facing trade deficit. Therefore, from the position of caring the economic development of Taiwan, we must pay grave attention to the process of development of the western region in China so as to examine the opportunities and challenges brought to Taiwan business. The essay attempts to analyze the opportunities and the challenges of the private enterprises in the development of the western region through the levels of economic globalization, regional economic cooperation and geographical economy environment. And hopefully brings assistances to the investment in China western region by Taiwan enterprises