國際刑事法院管轄權之分析

Abstract

鑑於國際重大刑事案件發生率隨著網路科技的傳播，各種犯罪行為透過互相學習的效果，有愈見升高之趨勢。國際間唯一常設性國際刑事法院(ICC)勢必成為未來主要解決國際刑事爭端的組織之一。因此，對於其所管轄之「種族滅絕罪」、「違反人道罪」、「戰爭罪」及「侵略罪」之管轄權歸屬必須先獲得解決。且聯合國決議各臨時性法院之「完成工作戰略」，促使各法院加快審理案件之速度。本文藉由分析ICC、ICTY、ICTR、SCSL、STL、東帝汶重大罪行特別小組、柬埔寨法院特別分庭、波士尼亞戰爭分庭，各刑事法院關於管轄權之設計，研究《羅馬規約》執行之缺漏。另外，也因為ICC完成《羅馬規約》關於「侵略罪」之定義及犯罪要件之修正，發現ICC《羅馬規約》中侵略罪之犯罪要件規定對於管轄權之限制頗多，雖需至2017年後才開始運作，但在尚未運作前，是否應先予以修改，讓ICC之設計更加完備，更符合未來世界潮流。

Given the increasing rate of occurence of major international crimes as a result of the spread of the Internet technology, with the effect of a variety of criminal acts can be learnt mutually. The only internationally permanent standing International Criminal Court (ICC) is bound to become one of the major organizations to settle major international criminal disputes. Therefore, the vesting of jurisdiction over "genocide", "crimes against humanity", "war crimes" and "crime of aggression" under its jurisdiction should first be resolved. Furthermore, the UN resolution of "Completion Strategy" on provisional courts prompting various courts to expedite the speed of adjudication of cases. This paper by analyzing ICC, ICTY, ICTR, SCSL, STL, the Special Panels for Serious Crimes of East Timor, Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, the War Crimes Chamber in Bosnia-Herzegovina, the design of jurisdiction of various criminal courts of justice, study the shortfalls of executon of the "Rome Statute". Also, as ICC completed amendment to the defintion and Elements of Crimes on the "Crime of Aggression" of the "Rome Statute", it is found that there is substantial limitation on the provisions on the Elements of Crime of the "Crime of Aggression" of the "Rome Statute", though it will only implement after 2017. However, before it is implemented, whether it should be revised first, so that the ICC''s design will be more completed, and more in line with the future trend of the world.