保障合理使用權的線上數位產權管理系統設計

Abstract

數位產權管理系統(Digital Right Management)為產權管理與著作權議題之新興領域，可運用在各種不同格式(文字、影像、聲音、多媒體)的數位內容服務，主要提供數位內容永久性的保護。數位產權管理系統的運作，除了需要有保護數位內容的相關技術外，還要有完整的產權控管機制。因此現今許多的數位產權管理系統皆致力於如何保護數位內容的著作權以防止非法拷貝、竄改和散佈，且只讓合法使用者可存取數位內容。然而這些數位產權管理系統對於數位內容的使用限制甚多，法律上賦予消費者在合理範圍內的使用原則幾乎都未受到保障。這是因為其設計實質上是把使用執照授權對象指定在裝置而不是使用者本身，致使數位內容的使用也因此被限定在該台裝置才能播放，所以目前數位產權管理系統下的數位內容使用缺乏可攜性，並不能讓使用者合法購買的數位內容可以合理使用，其看似對數位內容業者較為有利，因為數位內容不會被重製，有效保障數位內容業者的權益。但持續限制使用者的權益，不僅對使用者造成不便，更是違反相關法律規定，讓使用者對數位產權管理系統望而卻步，反而造成數位產權管理系統的推廣不易。

在本論文中，我們提出如何將Virtual Software Token(虛擬軟體令牌)機制導入數位產權管理系統中，讓使用執照的實質授權對象指定在使用者本身而非裝置，使得數位內容的播放亦不再限定於某特定裝置，有效改善一般數位產權管理中產權可攜性不足的缺點，且讓使用者無須攜帶任何可驗證身份的裝置，便可任何時間地點都可透過網路進行身份認證，合法存取數位內容。因而達到保障使用者的合理使用權。

Digital Right Management (DRM) is a emerging field of right management and copyright topic. It can be applied to digital content (text, image, music, video etc.) and aims to provide persistent access control over digital content. Its technology still need perfect management mechanism of right, in addition to the security technology to increase secure level of digital content. Most existing DRM systems focus on protecting copyright to prohibit illegal copy and illegal distribution of the content and to let only authorized users access them. However, these designs actually make License's authorized entity be assigned to the specific device not to the user himself. The content is bound to a specific device. Therefore, the content encoded using most existing DRM systems lacks portability. This restriction may hamper legitimate users to access their legal content on multiple compliant devices. These DRM systems may come into conflict with fair use (also referred to as personal use). And due to this limitation, user will not want to use or buy the content which is encoded by DRM systems.

In this paper we propose how to utilize the concept of Virtual Software Token mechanism into DRM systems. We use this concept to make License portable among various compliant devices as permissions to use the content. Additionally, the content is no longer bound to a specific device (containing smart card) owned by the user, but to the user himself. Consequently our paper will improve portability of DRM system and achieve fair use.