專利侵權型態之研究

Abstract

There are two categories of patent infringement: direct infringement and indirect infringement. Legislation in most major countries in the world pay more attention to the direct infringement, only some countries highlighted the importance of indirect infringement legislation. Among them, the U.S. is the first country that establish indirect infringement legislation. Base on US indirect infringement legislation, Japan, Germany and other countries established their own systems according to their national conditions and needs. This thesis argues that national legislation should take local industrial advancement into consideration while promulgating indirect infringement acts. Three different types of patents: invention patent, new model patent and new design patent, and corresponding direct infringement determination are introduce in Chapter 2. The difference of the patent infringement determination standards of invention and new design between Taiwan and the United States is addressed in subsequent paragraphs. The patent litigation of direct infringement is compared between Taiwan and the United States in Chapter 3. Issue points and theoretical basis for the dispute cases based on "All element rules", "Doctrine of equivalent" and "Estoppel" are illustrated to clarify arguments leading to conclusion of this thesis. Indirect infringement in the statute and in the patent practice of the United States, Japan, and Germany is discussed in Chapter 4. The United States covered induce infringement, contributory infringement and extraterritoriality while Japan covered only contributory infringement and Germany covered only induce infringement and contributory infringement. This chapter ends up with discussing Taiwan''s amendment draft of indirect infringement and the different views of the issue ,we summed up Taiwan''s future direction of legal amendments. In conclusion, suggestion toward legal amendments based on practices in US, Japan and German are given. Industrial implications are also addressed in order to achieve win-win objectives.

專利侵權型態，主要區分為直接與間接侵權，世界各主要國家，多半設有直接侵權制度，只有部分國家有間接侵權的設立，而美國乃間接侵權的首創國，並為該制度的標竿，日、德等參考其制度，再依其本國國情及需求，建立相關而又有差異的制度。 本論文第二章先論述專利種類:發明、新型及新式樣之不同，及直接侵權認定標準，述及台灣及美國之新式樣、發明的專利侵權認定標準，從新式樣專利之本質論起，再依序舉台灣新式樣專利的權利範圍解讀與其侵權認定流程，及美國對應之設計專利的權利範圍解讀與其侵權認定流程。 第三章探討專利直接侵權判決，從製造、使用型態，舉出台灣及美國侵權判決，依全要件原則、均等論、禁反言---等原則，說明個案爭點與理論依據。 第四章介紹專利間接侵權，說明何謂間接侵權，依序介紹美、日、德的相關法規與判決實務，美國包含:教唆侵權、幫助侵權及域外效力，日本只有幫助侵權，德國則有教唆與幫助侵權，最後說明台灣間接侵權修正草案現況及各方見解，歸納出我國未來修法方向。 第五章就我國產業現況，參酌美、日、德侵權法規及實務運作結果，各別執行上的考量，衍生實務上的差異，提建議給國內廠商未來可能努力方向，也具體說明若要修法，呼應國內外各方聲音，以扶持國內產業為前提，如何能夠達到各取所需雙贏的模式。