台灣嘉南地區裸藻屬系統分類及生長環境之研究

Abstract

本論文報導採集自台灣嘉南地區裸藻科之一新屬－Biphasica屬和其新種Biphasica repulsans以及裸藻屬之50個裸藻分類單元，其中屬於Euglena亞屬者有：E. archaeoviridis、E. chadefaudii、E. dicentra、E. geniculata、E. stellata、E. tristella及E. viridis七種，屬於Calliglena亞屬者有：E. anabaena var. minor、E. caudata、E. clara、E. clavata、E. exilis、E. gymnodinioides、E. granulata、E. oblonga、E. pisciformis、E. pisciformis var. obtusa、E. pisciformis var. striata、E. polymorpha、E. sanguinea、E. splendens、E. undulata、E. velata十六種，屬於Discoglena亞屬者有：E. acus、E. acus var. minor、E. deses、E. deses var. digrana、E. deses var. intermedia、E. gasterosteus、E. gaumei、E. güntheri、E. hemichromata、E. limnophila、E. mutabilis、E. oxyuris、E. plata、E. proxima、E. proxima var. anglesia、E. rustica、E. sciotensis、E. spathirhynca、E. spirogyra、E. spiroides、E. texta、E. tripteris、E. tripteris var. crassa、E. truncata、E. truncata var. baculifera、E. variabilis及E. vermiformis二十七種，其中E. plata及E. undulata為新種，E. archaeoviridis、E. deses var. digrana、 E. exilis、E. gymnodinioides及E. pisciformis var. obtusa為世界裸藻誌之第二次記載，E. rustica及E. dicentra為世界裸藻誌之第三次記載，而E. truncata var. baculifera為世界裸藻誌之第四次記載；上列除E. acus、E. acus var. minor、E. gaumei、E. hemichromata、E. limnophila、E. oxyuris、E. sciotensis及E. spirogyra八個分類單元之外，其餘皆為台灣新紀錄種。 裸藻細胞形態具歧異性，但以紡綞體形最為普遍；某些種類具多型性，於環境狀況不佳時易形成生殖胞囊。水體光量之充足與否為維持其葉綠體形態的重要因子，某些種類裸藻葉綠體形態或分布，會依水體光量之多寡而轉變以適應環境。所有裸藻於受激狀態，或細胞於某些特殊需求時，皆或多或少會進行裸藻運動。 環境因子對裸藻族群影響最大的是：氣溫、水體溫度、水體光量、溶解態有機物質濃度及水體之溶解態鹽類濃度。

This thesis reported a new genus of Euglenophyceae, Genus Biphasica and its new taxon, Biphasica repulsans, fifty taxa of genus Euglena from southern Taiwan was identified. Among the 50 taxa, E. archeoviridis、E. chadefaudii、E. dicentra、E. geniculata、E. stellata、E. tristella and E. viridis belong to the subgenus Euglena, E. anabaena var. minor、E. caudata、E. clara、E. clavata、E. exilis、E. gymnodinioides、E. granulata、E. oblonga、E. pisciformis、E. pisciformis var. obtusa、E. pisciformis var. striata、E. polymorpha、E. sanguinea、E. splendens、E. undulata and E. velata belong to the subgenus Calliglena while E. acus、E. acus var. minor、E. deses、E. deses var. digrana、E. deses var. intermedia、E. gasterosteus、E. gaumei、E. güntheri、E. hemichromata、E. limnophila、E. mutabilis、E. oxyuris、E. plata、E. proxima、E. proxima var. anglesia、E. rustica、E. sciotensis、E. spathirhynca、E. spirogyra、E. spiroides、E. texta、E. tripteris、E. tripteris var. crassa、E. truncata、E. truncata var. baculifera、E. variabilis and E. vermiformis belong to the subgenus Discoglena. Two taxa (E. undulata and E. plata) from above are newly recorded in the world flora of euglenoid. taxa (E. archaeoviridis、E. deses var. digrana、E. exilis、E. gymnodinioides and E. pisciformis var. obtuse) are secondly recorded in the world flora of euglenoid, E. rustica and E. dicentra are the third record of the world. E. truncata var. baculifera is the fourth record of the world. All except 8 texa (E. acus、E. acus var. minor、E. gaumei、E. hemichromata、E. limnophila、E. oxyuris、E. sciotensis and E. spirogyra) are newly recorded species in the euglenoid flora of Taiwan. The cell forms of Euglena single species are variable, mostly fusiform or spindle-shaped. Some taxa of Euglena show polymorphism. In response to unfavorable condition, Euglena may form reproductive cyst. The normal feature of chloroplast will be maintained under favorable light intensities, while the light intensity changed, some Euglena species will also changed in distribution of the chromatophores. Almost every member of Euglena possesses more or less euglenoid movement. The major ecological factors influencing the growth and form of Euglena are: air temperature, available amount of light, water temperature, concentration of dissolved organic compounds and salt.