基因改造食品管理制度之探討

Abstract

隨著全球人口不斷增加，人類對於食物品質與特性之追求愈來愈多，如何改進農業產量及品質，是一項值得思索的課題。繼工業革命及資訊革命之後，隨著生物科技之發展，經由生物技術以改造動植物，及處理、保存食物，帶領新一波的革命，對農業造成影響。在分子生物學上，人類運用基因工程技術，直接介入主導生命指揮訊息的基因，並加以改造，以排除過去礙於時間及技術所無法達到之成果，此種技術，造就基因改造食品。 由於基因改造食品是科技之下所製成的食品，其中可能潛在著風險或危險，基於國家對人民之基本權利有保障義務及預防風險原則，因此，國家有必要對於基因改造食品採取適當的管理。 本論文主要著眼於基因改造產品管理制度之探討，在內文編排上分為三大部分；第一部分就基因改造技術及基因改造食品為整體介紹，指出生物技術可能帶來風險；第二部分，針對我國基因改造食品管理架構及相關規範分別說明，包括基因改造食品的安全性檢驗及標示規定；第三部分探討歐盟、美國之基因改造食品管理制度；最後，經由歐、美及我國之分析，透過管理的觀點，針對我國基因改造食品之管理提出三點結論：1.修改基因改造食品標示規範2.建立基因改造食品安全性追蹤機制3.加速完成立法整合各部門資源。一方面使供應商能重視食品安全，另一方面也能夠滿足消費大眾對於「知」的權利。

With the increase of the global population, human beings pursue more and more on the quality and characteristic of food. In addition, how to improve the agricultural productivity and its quality has become an interesting topic as well as an important question. After the Industrial Revolution and the information revolution, preserving food through biotechnology to improve the development and processing of the animals or plants has led to a new wave of revolution－having an impact on the agriculture. In the field of molecular biology, the food based on the application of the genetic engineering technology to modify the gene is called “Genetically Modified Food.” Since the risk or danger of genetically modified food, it is necessary to adopt a suitable management system of genetically modified foods to prevent danger and protect people. In this study, I will focus on the regulation system of genetically modified food. The first section provides a general overview of genetic modification techniques and genetically modified foods, indicating the risk of the use of technology. The second section discusses the existing Taiwan genetically modified foods regulations on safety checks and labeling regulation. The third section reviews the current practices of genetically modified regulation systems in the U.S. and the European Union. Finally, based on the standpoint of management, my recommendations are as follows:(1)to revise the indication standard of genetically modified foods;(2)to establish the security tracing mechanism of genetically modified foods;(3)to accelerate the cooperation between government agencies. In doing so, the food suppliers not only can be forced to comply with the regulations, the “right to know” of the consumers will be better protected as well.