關刀溪森林生態系殼斗科植物之物候週期與天然更新之研究

Abstract

殼斗科植物在臺灣的森林中具有非常重要的地位，但此科植物在臺灣多僅是針對其分類研究；本研究於關刀溪森林生態系針對殼斗科植物之物候週期及其天然更新加以調查，希望能提供長期生態研究更豐富的訊息。 於2000年9月至2003年8月間觀測關刀溪森林生態系內12種殼斗科植物的物候期，其中僅栓皮櫟是落葉性植物。三年之調查結果發現，抽芽期大多發生在2至4月。開花期則較為歧異，其中反刺櫧、川上氏櫧、青剛櫟、三斗石櫟、短尾葉石櫟、南投石櫟、菱果石櫟與栓皮櫟8種每年開花一次，火燒柯、小西氏石櫟與石櫟3種一年內有兩次或兩次以上的開花期，而圓果青剛櫟在2001與2002年分別開花2次及1次。所有觀察物種的果熟期均在8至12月，而落果期都在9月至隔年2月間。關刀溪森林生態系中殼斗科植物所呈現的物候週期為一年一循環或兩年一循環。 在關刀溪森林生態系之湯公碑步道、小出山步道及松風山等地設置四個殼斗科植物的更新樣區，於2001年11月至2003年10月間加以監測。發現樣區內新生之栓皮櫟、石櫟及南投石櫟幼苗均為萌蘗苗，其死亡率非常低，在調查期間樣區內均無殼斗科植物的種子苗長出。推測即使栓皮櫟、石櫟及南投石櫟因干擾（火災、風折）或環境變化（乾旱）造成地上部死亡，仍能以萌蘗苗的方式達到更新的目的。

The plant of Fagaceae play very important roles in the forest of Taiwan, they were most pointed to the stude of taxonomy; this study was indicate with phenological observation and natural regeneration explore of Fagaceae in Guandaushi forest ecosystem, these survey deta can supply more abundant information in long-term ecological research. The phenology of twelve species of Fagaceae in Guandaushi forest ecosystem were observed from September of 2000 to August of 2003. Among the twelve species, only Quercus variabilis is deciduous plant. We found all species buded from February to April. However, the blooming seasons were diverse. Eight species, including Castanopsis eyrei, Castanopsis kawakamii, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Pasania hancei, Pasania harlandii, Pasania nantoensis, Pasania synbalanos, and Quercus variabilis bloomed once a year, but Castanopsis fargesii, Pasania konishii and Pasania glabra bloom twice or more a year. The fruits of the twelve species all matured from August to December and fell from September to next February. Phenological phases of Fagaceae showed one cycle in a year or in 2 years. The natural regeneration of Fagaceae in Guandaushi forest ecosystem was investigated at 4 plots from November of 2001 to October of 2003. Quercus variabilis, Pasania glabra and Pasania nantoensis all were resprouters. The mortality of sprouting was very low. There were no seeders found during the period of monitoring. When the upper canopy of the Quercus variabilis, Pasania glabra and Pasania nantoensis dies, it could be regenerated by the sprouting.