東勢地區梨園營養狀況之研究

Abstract

To provide basic reference for nutrient diagnosis norm, a nutrient survey of pear orchards around Tung Shih area .The experiment were determined the proper leaf sampling method and establish optinum ranges of inorganic nutrients composition of leaves. The results were summaried. Leaf analysis showed the extreme range were N 2.05~3.25 %, P 0.13~0.37 %, K 0.72~1.92 %, Ca 0.57~2.16 %,Mg 0.21~0.45 %, B 16~44 mg/kg, Cu 4~20 mg/kg, Fe 71-388 mg/kg, Mn 29~422 mg/kg,and Zn 16~122 mg/kg. The difference of leaf nutrient content (K, Ca and Mg) between normal fruiting trees and low-bearing ones were significant at 5% level , However leaves age influence the greater of the tree age. Based on the seasonable change of leaf nutrients content at different parts, late April to late May is the best period to sample the 3rd or 4th mature leaf from the tip of short-fruiting twig for nutrient diagnoses. The suggested criteria of optimum nutrient standards for pear are N: 2.60 %, P: 0.12~0.20 %, K: 1.20~2.00 %, Ca: 1.25~2.00 %, Mg: 0.27~0.50 %, B: 20~120 mg/kg, Cu: 10~20 mg/kg, Fe: 35~200 mg/kg, Mn: 30~200 mg/kg, and Zn: 20~90 mg/kg .

為了解東勢地區梨園之營養狀況，和探討梨葉片採樣方法及訂定東勢地區梨葉片營養成份之適宜標準範圍，供日後梨園施行營養診斷之參考。 試驗結果顯示，東勢地區梨樹葉片分析結果氮含量為2.05%~3.35%，磷含量為0.13%~0.37%，鉀含量為0.72%~1.92%，鈣含量為0.57%~2.16%，鎂含量為0.21%~0.45%，硼含量為16mg/kg~44mg/kg，銅含量為4mg/kg~20mg/kg，鐵含量為71mg/kg~388mg/kg，錳含量為29mg/kg~422mg/kg，鋅含量為16mg/kg~122mg/kg。 結果正常與結果偏低之梨樹葉片要素濃度含量之變化，其鉀、鈣、鎂養分含量達5%顯著差異水準。另葉齡影響葉片養分程度較樹齡大。 由梨葉片要素養份週年變化情形，梨葉片之採樣方法為4月下旬至5月下旬短果枝成熟葉，東勢地區梨葉片適宜濃度範圍可暫定為N：2.60 %，P：0.12~0.20 %，K：1.20~2.00 %，Ca：1.25~2.00 %，Mg：0.27~0.50 %，B：20~120 mg/kg，Cu：10~20 mg/kg，Fe：35~200 mg/kg，Mn：30~200 mg/kg，和Zn：20~90 mg/kg。