Ethrel及Jasmonic acid對百合鱗片繁殖小鱗莖形成之研究

Abstract

中文摘要 本研究以鐵砲百合 ''New Butterfly''、 ''Gelria''、 ''Lorina''及東方型百合 ''Acapulco''鱗莖為材料，以荷蘭式鱗片繁殖法探討鱗片不同著生部位、鱗片切段與Ethrel、Jasmonic acid（JA）處理對小鱗莖形成及小鱗莖形成後鱗莖養成之影響，以提昇百合鱗片繁殖效率。 試驗結果顯示：四個供試品種之鱗片不同著生部位對小鱗莖形成數量雖呈現差異，但外層鱗片小鱗莖之形成效果比內層鱗片佳。鱗片切段繁殖四個品種皆傾向於鱗片基部片段優於末梢片段，其分化潛能梯度由末梢片段向基部片段方向增加。根據解剖顯示：百合鱗片切段繁殖小鱗莖之形成，與維管束和表皮層相對位置之距離和鱗片分化潛能梯度有關，且小鱗莖之形成與維管束和表皮層間之距離呈負相關。 ''Acapulco''及 ''New Butterfly''鱗片以Ethrel 0、50、100、200、400ppm前處理，結果顯示Ethrel 400ppm處理，二品種之小鱗莖形成數量顯著增加。但對根系生長具抑制作用。 Ethrel對 ''Acapulco''、 ''New Butterfly''、 ''Gelria''三個品種之鱗片切段繁殖處理，處理效果以100、200ppm濃度對小鱗莖形成效果較顯著，但400ppm濃度對末梢片段反而有抑制現象。經Ethrel處理之 ''Gelria''品種切段鱗片形成之小鱗莖於溫室培育，以Ethrel 200ppm處理之基部、中段片段形成之小鱗莖培育後之年生球平均直徑及球重可被促進。400ppm濃度處理會降低末梢片段之年生球採收量。因此Ethrel之前處理對後續之鱗莖培育有延續性影響。 ''Lorina''及 ''Acapulco''品種全鱗片以JA 0、1、10、100ppm前處理。處理濃度對 ''Acapulco''小鱗莖之形成數、平均大小及重量之影響差異不顯著，100ppm會降低發根率。處理濃度對 ''Lorina''小鱗莖之形成數與發根率之影響差異不顯著，100ppm處理會促進小鱗莖之肥大與平均重。''Lorina''及 ''Acapulco''品種鱗片片段JA處理，結果顯示10及100ppm濃度可促進二品種之基部鱗片切段小鱗莖形成，但對 ''Acapulco''品種末梢片段則差異不顯著，且與小鱗莖之形成呈現負相關，此與 ''Acapulco''形成之小鱗莖重量影響結果不一致，其原因可能與作物種類和百合鱗片切段大小對JA反應不同有關。經JA處理之 ''Lorina''品種切段鱗片形成之小鱗莖於溫室培育，處理效果對鱗莖採收量差異不顯著，其主要影響來自品種特性及鱗片切段位置之分化潛能。而 ''Lorina''品種和 ''Gelria''相較，''Lorina''品種鱗片切段繁殖形成之小鱗莖於溫室生長快速，適合利用鱗片切段繁殖法大量繁殖種球。

Summary The experiment was trying to understand the effect of different bulb scale growth position, section scaling, ethrel, and jasmonic acid (JA) on bulblets formation and to study greenhouse culture effect after bulblet formation. Bulb of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) ''New Butterfly'', ''Gelria'', ''Lorina'' and bulb of L. ''Acapulco'' were used and technique of Dutch scaling was applied. Results showed that effect of different bulb scale growth position on bulblet formation of four testing varieties vary. Bulblet formation of outer layer scales was better than that of inner scales and base of bulb scales was better than that of basal. Bulb scale differentiation potential gradient was increased from distal to basal. According to bulb anatomy, bulblet formation by using lily bulb section scaling is correlated with relative distance of vascular bundles and epidermal layer, and bulb scale differentiation potential gradient. However, bulblets formation and distance of vascular bundles and epidermal layer was negative correlated. Study of ethrel effect on bulblets formation number of ''Acapulco'' and ''New Butterfly'' was increased when ethrel application to scales was increase from 400 ppm, however, growth of rooting was inhibited. Effect of ethrel on section scaling of ''Acapulco'', ''New Butterfly'', and ''Gelria'' showed that bulblets formation of 100 and 200 ppm ethrel treatment was better than others, however, inhibition of ethrel 400 ppm treatment on distal was found. Bulblets growth from ethrel and bulb section scaling pretreatment of ''Gelria'' was nurture in greenhouse and was observed. Bulblet weight and diameter was increased as pretreatment of ethrel 200 ppm was applied on basal section and middle section of bulb scale. However, harvest amount of ethrel 400ppm pretreatment was reduced. Therefore, pretreatment of ethrel on scaling has continuous effect on bulblets growth. Effect of JA 0, 1, 10, 100 ppm on full bulb scale of ''Lorina'' and ''Acapulco'' showed that no significant results was found in bulblets formation number, average bulblets size, and bulb weight. JA 100 ppm reduced rooting percentage. Effect of JA concentration on ''Lorina'' bulblets formation number and rooting percentage was not significant. JA 100ppm treatment resulted in increasing bulblets size and average bulblets weight. Bulblets formation was increased when applied JA on basal of scale of ''Lorina'' and ''Acapulco''. However, no significant result was found when applied JA on distal of scale of ''Acapulco''. Bulblets formation and JA application was negative correlated. The reason of this inconsistent result with bulblets weight of ''Acapulco'' might be JA application effect differ on crop and section scales position. Effect of section scaling fraction and JA treated on continuous greenhouse planting bulblets of ''Lorina'' was not significant. The main effect was from cultivar characteristic and differentiation potential of scales section. Performance of ''Lorina'' was close to ''Gelria''. Bulblets planted from scale section of ''Lorina'' grew fast under greenhouse condition and are good for stock bulb mass propagation.