唐菖蒲球莖微體繁殖與馴化之研究

Abstract

本試驗採用唐菖蒲(Gladiolus hybridus Hort.)二十三個栽培品種 的四號開花球 為試驗材料，切取含1-2片葉原體的主芽及側芽莖頂為培植 體(0.125-0.30mm)。 培植體培養於 NAA與BA不同濃度組合的MS培養基， 若培養基中添加 NAA，培植體芽體的分化較少，而培養基中只添加BA的處 理，則芽體增殖數較多。MS培養基中四種不同濃度BA ， 以''Pink Lady'' 增殖率最高。一般培植體隨著BA濃度增加，而產大量短縮化芽體或形成癒 合組織。 ''Friendship''於液體培養與固體培養，芽體的增殖率相似， 但液體培養鮮重較重，尤其125 ml 的培養容器其鮮重增加量較50 ml培養 容器更為明顯。二相培養可改善液體培養的玻璃化，且芽體增殖率較固態 及液態培養略高，但鮮重增加量較液體培養少。 培植體於誘導發根期 ，以半量MS培養基中添加活性碳3 g/l 、 NAA 0.5 mg/l，可促進根系的 發育及提高移植後存活率，另增加培養基中蔗糖濃度，可提高瓶苗的根長 、根數、鮮重、乾重及移植後的存活率。唐菖蒲瓶苗移植於高相對濕度( RH 85%)、溫度為25/20℃(日/夜溫)的環境，而後再漸進降低濕度及提高 光照，可提高其存活率。 小球莖的生長與發育受移植前培養基成份及 移植後的栽培管理所影響。瓶苗於誘導發根期，於培養基中添加 NAA0.5 mg/l、活 性碳3 g/l及蔗糖30g/l，可使瓶苗生長勢強且累積較多的同化 產物，移植於適當的溫度(25/20℃)、完善的水分及施肥管理 ，可提高瓶 苗移植後的存活率及增加小球莖的鮮重與直徑。

This study was made by using twenty-two Gladiolus hybridus Hort. cultivars from which the buds and axillary buds of No.4 flower corms were taken as theexplants(0.125-0.30mm),each having one or two leafprimordia of the shoot tip.The explants were cultured in MS basal media to which the different conce-ntration of NAA and BA are added. As a result, the multiplication inthe MS medium with only supplement BA more than that with both supplementBA and NAA,and ''Pink Lady''has the greatest proliferation rate. In general,the explantsproduce the stunt shoots or calli increasingly in proportionto the increaseof the BA concentration. The proliferation rate of ''Friendship'' in the liquid culture and that in the solid culture were similar. But the fresh weight of shoots in the liquidculture would raise more significantly; moreover, the growth in the 125 ml culture vessels was more observant than that in the 50 ml culture vessels.The double phase culture could improve the vitrification cultured in theliquid culture , and increase the multiplication of shoot far more than theliquid or solid culture could, though the fresh weight of shoot in it was lighter than that in the liquid culture. During the period when it''s time to induce the roots of the explants,if the activated charoal 3 g/l and NAA 0.5 mg/l we are added to the 1/2 MS basal medium, it would help the development of the root system, and enhance the survival rate after the transplant. And if the sucrose concentration was raised higher in the medium then, the root length of the plantlets, number of root ,fresh weight, dry weight,and survival rate after transplanting will increase. What''s more, after transplanting, the best environment for Gladiolus plantlets to survive was in high relative humidity (RH 85%) and 25/20℃ (day/night) temperature. The development of cormlet was influenced by the ingredients of the ofthe medium and the culture after transplant. To help the plantlet growstronger and stimate more carbohydrates, the 1/2 MS medium should be supp-lemented with NAA 0.5mg/l, activated charoal 3g/l, and sucrose 30 g/l. After transplanting, in order to enhance the survival rate of the plantlet, andenlarge the fresh weight and the diameter of the cormlets, proper temperature(25/20℃), fertilization, and water in proper amount were indispensable.