唐菖蒲花藥培養再生之研究

Abstract

本研究以唐菖蒲(Gladiolus hydridus Hort.)八個商業栽培品種為材料，藉由植物生長調節劑組合、培養環境及條件等方法，探討唐菖蒲花藥培養癒傷組織誘導、體胚形成及再生植株分化的過程，以及不同馴化處理對小植株之影響。 唐菖蒲以品種花藥，分別培養於1/2 MS培養基並添加NAA (2.0mg/l) 及Kinetin、BA (0.5, 1.0及2.0mg/l) 之組合，花藥培養於添加以2.0mg/l NAA、1.0mg/l BA之培養基，有較高的根器官及胚狀體;以‘Princess Margareth Rose’品種較其他品種的癒傷組織及擬胚誘導率最佳30%;且培養在2.0mg/l NAA、2.0mg/l BA及3%蔗糖之擬胚，在培養四個月後可獲芽體及再生植株。將芽體及再生植株繼代於不含植物生長調節劑之MS培養基，可促進芽體生長及小球莖形成。 培植體於誘導發根階段，以全量MS鹽類濃度中添加30g/l蔗糖及無植物生長調節劑之培養基，培養六個月後，可促進球莖增生及提高升移植後存活率，另外增加器內培養時間，可提高球莖數量、鮮重、葉長、葉寬、根長、根數及移植成活率。唐菖蒲球莖依照其大小分級為芽體、球莖直徑小於0.3、介於0.3-0.5、及大於0.5cm者，經低溫5℃處理一個月後，則有利其移植休眠性打破，促使抽芽生長一致，且成活率分別為0%、10%、30%及40%。唐菖蒲小球莖移植至溫度(25/20℃)，培養一年後可增加小球莖鮮重及直徑。 本試驗唐菖蒲 ‘Princess Margaret Rose’品種母球莖染色體數為60條(2n=4X=60)，觀察花藥再生植株根尖染色體數為30條(2n=2X=30)，此結果與陳(1999)完全相同，而瓶苗馴化問題巳有初步的成果。

The anther culture for callus induction on 2.0mg/l NAA and BA 1.0 mg/l of Gladiolus ‘Princess Margareth Rose' was 30% better than other commercial cultivars for inducing callus and embryoids. The callus culture on MS medium containing 3% sucrose, 2.0mg/l NAA and BA 1.0 mg/l, formed the highest rate of shoots and regeneration plantlet after four months, shoots and regeneration plantlet was subculture on MS basal medium with no-plant growth regulators could raise more shoots growth and bulblet formation rate was increase. After transplanting in greenhouse one year, in order to enhance the survival rate of the bulblet, on peatmoss medium which plantlets to be give the best growth and enlarge the fresh weight and the diameter of the cormlet. Study on chromosome numbers of root-tip meristematic cells of Gladiolus 'Princess Margaret Rose' was diploids (2n=4X=60). Chromosome number of root-tip cell of regeneration of haploid was thirty (2n=2X=30)