Analysis on the fragments of the insect prey for Mustela sibirica and Crocidura kurodai in Guandaushi forest ecosystem

Abstract

In Guandaushi forest ecosystem, taxa of insect prey were identified from feces of the Mustela sibirica and digestive tract analysis of Crocidura kurodai. There were 66.2% insect fragments of the 145 feces of M. sibirica and 91.9% of the 37 digestive tracts of C. kurodai and 366 insect fragments were found in the feces of M. sibirica. The body parts of insect prey, which appeared in the insect fragments of two insectivorous mammals, were distinguished as 13 types. The top 3 body parts in both two mammals were legs, antenna and mandibles. There were 8 orders of insect prey found in the feces of M. sibirica, top 4 orders of them were: Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Dermaptera. Six insect orders were identified among the 37 digestive tracts of C. kurodai. The top 4 orders were: Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Dermaptera, and Hymenoptera. For understanding the geocole insect fauna of the 6 sampling plots where the materials of the insect fragment were collected from, pitfall traps were set up to survey the insects in 1998. A total of 13 orders and 91 families of insects was identified. A total of 202 morphospecies was determinated depending on their features. Applicable to all taxa of the result, the major groups the insect prey of M. sibirica and C. kurodai were as fallowing: Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Dermaptera. The median number of the range of body length served as size variable to calculate the body size importance value of each taxa in the studying site. 英文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ii 壹、前言．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 1 貳、前人研究．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 3 參、材料與方法．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 5 一、材料來源．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 5 1. 華南鼬（Mustela sibirica） ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 5 2. 長尾麝鼩（Crocidura kurodai）．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 5 3. 地棲昆蟲 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 6 二、排遺或消化道內含物處理之步驟．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 6 三、標本鑑定．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 7 四、研究地區概述．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 7 五、統計分析方法．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 8 1. 地棲昆蟲相之分析 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 8 2. 體型重要值 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 8 肆、結果與討論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．10 一、華南鼬（Mustela sibirica）排遺分析．．．．．．．．．．．10 1. 排遺樣品中昆蟲碎片各部位類型分析 ．．．．．．．．．．．．10 2. 排遺樣品中昆蟲碎片之分類群鑑定 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．11 3. 排遺樣品中昆蟲組成分析 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．12 二、長尾麝鼩（Crocidura kurodai）消化道內含物分析 ．．．．．12 1. 消化道內含物樣品中昆蟲碎片各部位類型分析 ．．．．．．．．13 2. 消化道內含物樣品中昆蟲碎片之分類群鑑定 ．．．．．．．．．13 3. 消化道內含物樣品中昆蟲組成分析 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．14 三、昆蟲碎片之應用．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．15 四、地棲昆蟲相調查結果．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．17 1. 空間方面 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．17 a. 各樣點陷阱間昆蟲相比較 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．17 b. 樣點間昆蟲相比較 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．18 c. 陷阱間昆蟲相比較 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．19 2. 時間方面 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．20 五、食餌昆蟲碎片與體型重要值．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．21 六、華南鼬與長尾麝鼩食餌昆蟲之主要類群．．．．．．．．．．．22 七、結語．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．25 伍、參考文獻．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．26 陸、圖．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．32 柒、表．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．40 捌、附錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．45 玖、附圖：地棲昆蟲相調查各分類群之形態種．．．．．．．．．．65

關刀溪森林生態系中，華南鼬（Mustela sibirica）排遺與長尾麝鼩（Crocidura kurodai）消化道內含物之昆蟲碎片，經鑑定其食餌昆蟲分類群，共計9目。華南鼬145件排遺樣品中，出現昆蟲碎片之百分頻度為66.2％；長尾麝鼩37件消化道內含物樣品中，則為91.9％。兩種取食昆蟲之哺乳動物，其食餌昆蟲碎片殘留的各部位，共計13類，華南鼬排遺中發現366筆昆蟲碎片檢出物，出現部位的數量依序為：胸足最多，觸角次之，再其次為大顎；長尾麝鼩消化道內含物119筆昆蟲碎片檢出物中，出現數量之排序和華南鼬相同。就食餌昆蟲組成而言，華南鼬排遺中共計昆蟲綱8目，出現數量最高的前4目依序為：直翅目、鞘翅目、膜翅目、革翅目；而長尾麝鼩消化道內含物中共計6目，出現數量最高的前四目排序則稍有不同，革翅目較膜翅目稍多。為了解樣區內背景昆蟲相組成，1998年以掉落式陷阱，在6個樣點調查地棲昆蟲相，經鑑定共計為13目91科，依外形分為202個形態種。以地棲昆蟲相調查結果，與兩種哺乳動物食餌昆蟲碎片檢出物之共通性分類群，推論食餌昆蟲之主要組成包括：直翅目、鞘翅目、膜翅目與革翅目。藉由各分類群之體長中間值為體型參數，計算各類群昆蟲之體型指標值，以提供未來推算食蟲性哺乳動物可能的食餌昆蟲生物量，做為各昆蟲分類群，在生態系中食物網的能量流動研究上之探討。