Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/11455/30676
標題: 昆蟲幾丁聚醣抗菌作用探討
The antibacterial activity of insect chitosan
作者: Cheng, Su-Han
鄭恕涵
關鍵字: http://etds.lib.nchu.edu.tw/etdservice/view_metadata?etdun=U0005-0102200816492300;幾丁質;幾丁聚醣;家蠅;麵包蟲;抗菌活性
出版社: 昆蟲學系所
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摘要: 
Chitin and chitosan were extracted from larvae of Musca domestica and Tenebrio molitor, and dry shrimp (Neocaridina sp.) in this study, the productive rates of chitin were 1.56, 1.72 and 3.59%, respectively, and the productive rates of chitosan were 1.29, 1.46 and 2.29%, respectively. By the solubilities in the acetic acid solution, we could make sure the two extracts were chitin and chitosan. Chitin from three different organic sources had no antibacterial activity, whiles all of chitosan had antibacterial activity. Chitosan expressed a widely spectrum of antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae CCRC 10694 and Vibrio parahamelytics CCRC 10806, and also against the strains isolated from clinic, Salmonella cholearasuis, , Streptococcus intermedius, Citrobacter koseri, Staphylococcus xylosus, Streptococcus alactolyticus, hemolytic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, confirming that chitosan presents a widely spectrum of antibacterial effect. The minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of three kinds of chitosan against 10 strains of bacteria were in the range of 0.125-0.5%. No significant difference of antibacterial activity among the three chitosan in these tests, and either no significant difference between the antibacterial activity of chitosan against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. According to the lethal time test, all the Gram-positive bacteria were completed dead below 6 hours, besided S. xylosus, where as over 6 hours, all of Gram-negative bacteria were completely dead. The results of lethal time test showed that there was a significant difference of lethal time between the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria after treating of chitosan. Under existing of 0.5% chitosan, all the median lethal time (LT50) of 10 strains of bacteria were below 2 hours. Under the scanning electron microscope, we observed the surface on E. coli perforated by chitosan, and bacterial were also lysed by chitosan, while no perforation was observed on the surface of S. aureus. The MICs of ampicillin and amoxicillin risen to 32-64 µg/ml from 4-8 µg/ml and 16-32 µg/ml, respectively, suggested that chtiosan and penicillins antibiotics might be antagonistic with each other in application of antibacterial activity.

萃取家蠅(Musca domestica)幼蟲、麵包蟲(Tenebrio molitor)幼蟲及乾燥黑殼蝦(Neocaridina sp.)之幾丁質及幾丁聚醣,其製備之幾丁質產率分別為1.56、1.72及3.59%。經由醋酸溶液之溶解度測試,亦驗證所製備之兩萃取物為幾丁質及幾丁聚醣。幾丁聚醣產率分別為1.29、1.46及2.29%。三種不同來源之幾丁質皆不具抗菌活性,幾丁聚醣則皆具有抗菌活性。幾丁聚醣對Klebsiella pneumoniae CCRC 10694、Vibrio parahamelytics CCRC 10806,以及臨床分離之Salmonella cholearasuis、Streptococcus intermedius、Citrobacter koseri、Staphylococcus xylosus、Streptococcus alactolyticus、溶血性Escherichia coli、Staphylococcus aureus及Pseudomonas aeruginosa等菌株均具有廣泛之抑制效果。三種幾丁聚醣對十株菌株之最小抑菌濃度及最小殺菌濃度皆落於0.125-0.5%之間,其殺菌作用無顯著差異,對革蘭氏陰性菌、陽性菌間亦無顯著差異。藉由幾丁聚醣對菌株致死時間測試,顯示除S. xylosus以外之革蘭氏陽性菌皆於6小時之內完全死亡,然革蘭氏陰性菌之完全致死時間皆大於6小時。菌株完全致死所需之時間於革蘭氏陰性菌、陽性菌間具顯著差異。0.5%幾丁聚醣對各菌株之半致死時間(LT50)均於2小時以內。透過掃描式電子顯微鏡的觀察,幾丁聚醣可於E. coli菌體之表面造成穿孔,同時亦觀察到菌體崩解(lysis)之情形,然未於S. aureus觀察到菌體表面穿孔之情形。於幾丁聚醣存在之環境下,ampicillin及amoxicillin對S. aureus之最低抑菌濃度皆由4-8 µg/ml及16-32 µg/ml提高為32-64 µg/ml,顯示幾丁聚醣與盤尼西林類之抗生素於抗菌作用呈現拮抗之情形。
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11455/30676
其他識別: U0005-0102200816492300
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