大規模稻作農家成立區域性機械共同利用組織之研究

Abstract

本研究係以經營水稻機械收割之大規模稻作農家為研究對象，共收有效 問卷 161份。主要探討機械收割經營現況與困難，以及經營者對於擴大收 割機械利用的意願，與成立區域機械共同利用組織的需求，並分析影響意 願、需求的因素。主要研究發現如下： 1.經營主平均聯合收穫機 投入金額160萬元，平均每年收割面積90公頃]每台約84公頃，約略高於估 算的74公頃損益平衡作業面積。 2.遠赴外縣市收割之經營主平均每台 機械收割規模每年可達 126公頃，但大部分經營主基於家庭勞力與作業成 本考量，作業範圍多以自家附近為主，且其收割面積最小，每台每年僅 為65公頃。 3.經營主認為機械收割之困難前五項依序為：機械價格太 高、折舊太快、缺乏補助、維修 費用太高、作業期間短暫。以東部地區 對困難感受程度最高，南部地區最低。 4.整體受訪者對「擴大收 割機械利用」的意願僅屬中等程度，主要正向影響因素為經營主的「共同 利用認知」、「農機共有觀念」、「事業未來信心」、「期待未來規模」 等。而 「全部作業委託的比例40%以下」為主要負向影響因素。 5.整體受訪者對「區域機械共同利用組織」有較高的需求，其主要正向影 響因素為「擴大 收割機械利用意願」、「困難感受程度」、「共同利用 認知」。

The Study is based on the survey of 161 effective questionnaires, in which the interviewees are all the large- scale rice farming families. The major purposes of the paper are: (1) to understand the difficulties and current situations of using reapers; (2) to evaluate the willingness of runners in usingreapers; (3) to examine the needs establishing the regional organization ofcommon utilization in machines. In addition, it also analysis the factors whichaffect their willingness and needs. The results are as following: 1.On the average, the runners invest 1,600,000 NT dollars (including the reaper,) and the harvesting area is 90 hectares per year (each machine can run 84 hectares.) So it is a little higher than the balanced operation area: 74 hectares. 2.For these runners who reap in non-local districts, their each reaper can work out around 126 hectares. However, because most of runners are concerned with the problems of home labor and the cost, they work all most in their neighborhood. Thus, their reaping area is the smallest: about 65 hectares each reaper per year.3.The major difficulties in machine-reaping for the runners are listed below: the high-priced rapid breakdown machinery, lack of subsidy, high cost in maintenance, short time of operation. Consequently, the Eastern farming families have the highest sensibility to these difficulties, and the Southern lowest. 4.All interviewees'' willingness for extending the application of reapers is not very strong. The major positive factors are the runners'' cognition of cooperation, concept of common utilization in machines, confidence in future business, and expectation of future scale. On the other hand, the ratio of entire trust operation below 40% is major negative factor.5. All interviewees have more requirements for organization of regional machines. And the major positive factors are the willingness extending the operational scale of using reapers, seriousness of difficulty, and cognition of cooperation.