影響永續農業經營行為之因素探討

Abstract

The practices of sustainable agriculture are effective method to revamping the ecological problems that were caused by conventional farming systems. We should understand what are factors that influence the practices of sustainable agriculture of farmers and to increase their farm use of the practices by extension programs. In this study we took farmers'' background, farm structure, diffusion factors, attitude as reference to predict the practices of sustainable agriculture of farmers. The result shows the practices of sustainable agriculture can reduce the amount of chemical materials used in most conventional farming system. As to adoption of alternative materials and techniques, it focus mainly on those which lower the cost of production and at the same time meet the standards of organic cultivation and at the same time meet the standards of organic cultivation. He result of multiple-regression reveals that the following factors have positive effects on adoption sustainable agriculture.: the education level of farmers, the farming scale, the number of people running the farm business, the sources of information, the attitude forward environment and the attitude toward sustainable agriculture, which the age and income of farmers have negative ones. Therefore, I suggest that agricultural extension agents should allow researches to understand more the need of farmers in order to direct the research. And the results should be introduced to farmers who are younger, better-educated, in possession of farms reaching a certain scale, and capable of providing sufficient labors to maintain the farm. Meanwhile I recommend in terms of practicable methods, cooperative extension to provide rounded information and to induce farmers to change their attitudes, and hence they''ll be more likely to adopt sustainable agriculture.

摘要 長期使用慣行農業技術而導致環境生態之問題，惟有推廣農民採用永續農業經營行為方能有效解決，然而推廣之前必須先了解哪些因素會影響農民的永續農業經營行為。因此本研究以民86年有機栽培示範農民為對象，使用問卷調查收集資料，並進行多元迴歸分析，以了解永續農業經營行為之情形及其與個人背景、傳播及態度等因素間之因果關係。 研究結果顯示，永續農業經營行為能減少大部分慣行農業所使用的化學資材之使用量；至於替代資材及技術的使用，則以降低生產成本且符合有機栽培生產基準的方法為主。多元迴歸結果顯示採用者教育程度、農場面積、農場經營人數、訊息來源、環境態度及永續農業態度採用永續農業經營行為有正向影響，而年齡與農家收入則有負向影響。因此建議農業推廣單位宜讓研究人員了解農民之需求，作為研究方向的參考，研發結果則以年齡較輕、教育程度高、有一定農場規模或能提供充足人力於農場經營的農民為推廣對象。至於方法上則建議使用合作推廣方式提供完整資訊，俾促使農民改變態度，進而使用永續農業經營行為。