楊桃採收後分級處理作業系統之研究

Abstract

In this study,the main purpose was to develop a grading operation system for star fruits(carambola) which included functions such as weighing, grading and judging, displaying of grading level and voicing of grading judgement. The system presently constructed mainly combined the computerized voice weight grading system with the data automation treatment software system. These two parts were possessed of the computer, weighing device, related control software, conveyor, printer and barcode reader.The system could be used for computerized weight grading to enhance grading accuracy; moreover, the system also built in the grading operation database, automatic pricing management and automatic data analysis to provide detailed list of the simultaneous dealings for the further accounting treatment.

From the experimental results, the grading operation of the newly developed computerized voice grading system showed that under unremoving of the paper bag, the grading operation capacity was about 1300 individuals per hour. However, the grading operation capacity in the product collecting and treatment plant, in associated with the paper bag removing and the product output conveyor, was reduced to about 750 individuals per hour, but which was still about 3 to 4 times larger than the manual treatment capacity and the grading accuracy could be reached up to about 96% with the error of weighing value within ±5 grams. It also demonostrated that the system could indeed reach zero damage during the grading operation with highly perfomancing stability, and could be ultilized for grading and warehousing management operation after the picking of star fruits. In the future, the system could be also applied in the grading of other delicate fruits such as guava, wax apple and honey peach.

本研究主要目的，旨在開發一套楊桃採收後分級處理作業系統，具有秤重、分級判斷、級數顯示、語音分級判讀等功能，主要由電腦語音重量分級系統及資料自動化處理軟體系統所組成，包括電腦、秤量裝置、相關控制軟體、輸送機、印表機與條碼機等設備。利用此系統進行電腦重量分級，以提高分級精確度，並建立分級作業資料庫、自動計價管理、自動分析資料，即時提供交易明細，以供帳務處理。

經由試驗得知電腦語音重量分級系統，在不拆紙袋的分級作業方式下，分級作業能力每小時為1300粒；於集貨處理場配合輸送機分級楊桃之作業能力每小時為750粒，作業能力為原來利用人工處理的三至四倍，分級精確度可達96%以上，秤量值的誤差皆在±5公克之內，穩定性高，此種分級方式確可達到零損傷與提高分級精確度，是一套適合楊桃採收後分級儲運管理作業自動化之系統，未來可應用於番石榴、蓮霧、水蜜桃等精緻水果之分級。