土壤檢測車取土系統之研究

Abstract

摘要 田間採土作業使用人力，相當耗時與費力，為解決此問題，使用自動化機械採土樣是必要且可行。本研究係研製應用在土壤檢測車之採土機構及近紅外光系統架設於土壤檢測車上之減振機構，以取代傳統田間採土作業。採土機構透過可程式控制器，使其採土作業自動化；減振機構設置目的，降低近紅外光系統受振動之影響，並提高量測光譜之準確度。 本系統之雛型機經試驗得到初步結果顯示，採土系統之油壓迴路加裝洩壓閥，使控制油壓泵浦最大出力為5.5 N/mm2，以確保採土管結構之安全；而採土系統之夾土機構，在取樣田之表土與底土平均含水率分別為21.5%與22.77%情況下，夾土機構夾取表土與底土成功率分別為50%與100%，且採土機構採土效率為人力以鐵鎚敲擊採土管方式之5.6倍。 在車體振動情況下，近紅外光系統之檢測盒－有固定光纖探頭較無固定光纖探頭光譜量測結果誤差較小；近紅外光之檢測盒下方－有無裝置阻尼(壓縮泡棉)情形下，受採土車上之發電機運轉或與引擎同時運轉之振動情形下，其無阻尼量測光譜誤差大於有阻尼量測光譜誤差，因此，有阻尼情況下可減少光譜量測值之誤差。

Abstract Using the human power to sample soil in the field takes time and tremendous effort. To solve this problem, soil sampling automation is essential and workable. The objectives of this study were to develop a soil sampling system and NIR system of diminish vibration mechanism applied on a soil sampling vehicle to replace traditional work in the field. The soil sampling system using the PLC makes the automatic possible. The purpose of setting the diminish vibration mechanism is to reduce the vibration on the NIR system to ensure the accuracy of the measuring spectrum value. The prototype of soil sampling system was developed and tested in the field. A relief valve was installed in the hydraulic system having a maximum hydraulic pump power of 5.5 N/mm2 to ensure the safety. For the test of soil grabbing mechanism, the moisture contents for surface and bottom layer soil in the sampling field were 21.5% and 22.77%, and the successful rate were 50% and 100%, respectively. The efficiency of the soil digging mechanism was 5.6 times higher than labor work. Under vibration condition to test the NIR system, constrained optical instruments had less error than non-constrain type. As the generator and the engine of the soil sampling vehicle worked at the same time, a damper was designed and installed under the NIR box could help reduce measuring errors.