多功能溫室電動軌道車之研究

Abstract

為了能營造出一個最適合作物生長的環境，在台灣溫室栽培已成為一個相當具有規模的農業生產方式。為了降低溫室栽培之成本，國內已有許多溫室改採用介質土的方式栽培，並且以栽培具有垂直攀附性的瓜類與茄科作物為主。屆時，溫室內搬運、摘採、噴藥、施肥與管理等工作必須以機械化、自動化來完成，才可增加產業競爭力。 本研究是針對介質袋耕之溫室設計出一輛工作台面可升降，並且能自動行駛的多功能電動軌道車。使農民能方便的進行摘採與搬運的工作。亦可利用全自動行走之功能，駛入每一植株之間，完成溫室內無人噴藥作業，使農藥對噴藥者所造成的傷害降到最低。將來並且能將本車作為載具，發展出其他溫室管理設備，進而達成一機多用的宗旨。 全車是以鐵材所製作，最大負載重量為250公斤重，且安全係數在1.5以上。各部位經由有限元素分析軟體ANSYS，在各種負載下進行分析計算，以確保使用上的安全無慮。顧及到溫室為一密閉的空間，且在自動控制上的方便性，本研究之機型將可以使所有的動作都採用電動的方式驅動；並且利用可程式（邏輯）控制器PLC作為自動控制機制，以達成無人操作、自動行走之要求。

Greenhouse cultivation has become popular and a more matured farming industry in order to both create higher economic benefits and farming environment. In order to grow as many plants as possible in limited farmland and lower the cost, greenhouse agriculturists are mainly cultivating climbing plants that grow perpendicularly such as cucurbitaceae and solanaceae. In the future, automation of the greenhouse will greatly improve its competitiveness and require less cost. The objective of this study was to design a multi-functional rail-cart used in greenhouse having a working platform which could raise, lower and travel automatically. As the rail-cart could travel in between rows of plants automatically, the no-man operation could be virtually possible and farmers could easily operate carrying and harvesting functions. Additionally, the device would reduce the pesticide hazards for farmers as the indoor unmanned pesticide spraying would be available. Hopefully, this study would benefit greenhouse agriculturists and develop an advanced multi-functional apparatus used in greenhouse eventually. Made of steel, the rail-cart's factor of safety was over 1.5 and the maximum carrying load was 250 kgs. Its specifications of parts have been analyzed by a commercially available software, ANSYS, and have been done under various loading tests to assure the operation safety. To make use of PLC as a mechanism of auto-control, this device would be able to accomplish the purpose of automation. Considering the operating environment in greenhouse, this study is to make modes of operations become automatic and to advance the convenience.