密閉式環控種鵝舍之應用研究

Abstract

The major goals of this research were to design an windowless environmental controlled geese breeder house in which the average illumination was 30 lx, the average wind velocity was 2 m/s and efficiency of pad exceeded 70 % to meet the cooling requirement for geese house. The requirement of cooling effect was set as the temperature of air leaving pad being lower than 30 ℃ when ambient air temperature was 36.5 ℃, and relative humidity was 46 %. That provided an environment for geese breeder to proceed reproduction regulation in hot climate of summer as well as investigate actual appliance effect of environmental controlled geese breeder house. The numbers of lamp and fan, the suitable ventilation rate, the area, height and thickness of pad and the volume of water-storage tank were determined bused on the design criterion by theoretical calculation. Prototype geese breeder house which were used to verify the design goals was built according to the design and experiment. For good egg production of geese breeder it was needed to breed in reproduction regulation plan, including illumination time and temperature control of inside geese house. For analysis of performance behavior of geese breeder, and economic benefits of environmental control geese breeder house, the factors of environment, quantity of production, death, fertilized egg, gooslincs hatched, expenditure, and sell out of gooslincs and price were measured and recorded. Experimental results showed that the average illumination of the tested house was 38.42 ± 4.97 lx, the average wind velocity was 2.08 ± 0.28 m/s, and the average efficiency of pad was 85.33 ± 6.43 %. In actual appliance, temperature of inside lower than that of outside when outside temperature was higher than 30 ℃, temperature of inside higher than that of outside when outside temperature was lower than 25 ℃ and the relative humidity in the geese house was maintained above 80%. When ambient air temperature was reached 37.2 ℃, cooling of pad can reduce temperature 7.2 ℃, hence cooling efficiency was reached 74.2 %. Therefore the temperature of air into geese house could be reduced effectively. As the performance of geese breeder laying rate reached above 5 % at May 25th and lower than 10 % at December 10th. The productive period was 200 days, the average laying rate was 33.2 %, and the average laying quantity was 66.3. Those performances were better than the average values of laying in Taiwan. The egg being fertilized was decreased with the increase of illumination time. The average fertility was 80 %. The results were in agreement with reproduction regulation by illumination control. Cost of each goose was 1790.8 NTD, economical income was 3068 NTD, hence economical benefit was 1277.2 NTD form begin to breed geese through reproduction regulation to stop provided feed in the environmental control geese house. The cost and reward was positive relation. Death of geese and cost of production could be reduced by improvement of breed management, then economic benefit could be increased by improvement egg production, egg fertilized and hatched.

本研究之主要目的為設計一密閉式環控種鵝舍，提供種鵝於夏季高溫之氣候條件下可進行產期調節之環境，並探討環控種鵝舍之實際應用效果。環控鵝舍之設計以舍內平均照度30 lx，平均風速2 m/s，水牆效率達到70 %以上；降溫效果之要求為當舍外空氣溫度為36.5 ℃，相對濕度為46 %時，經過水牆進入舍內空氣之溫度低於30 ℃為設計目標。 首先依以上之設計要求進行燈數，通風量，風機數目，水牆面積，高度及厚度與儲水槽容積之理論計算與設計建造，檢驗是否達成設計目標。其次配合產期調節規劃進行實際飼養，控制舍內光照時間與溫度，促使種鵝產蛋。量測與記錄鵝舍內外環境因子、種鵝產蛋量、死亡數、受精蛋數、孵出雛鵝數、費用支出與出售雛鵝數目及價格等，以分析討論環控種鵝舍之實際應用效果及種鵝性能表現與經濟效益。 試驗結果顯示，設計建造之鵝舍內平均照度為38.42 ± 4.97 lx；平均風速為2.08 ± 0.28 m/s；水牆平均效率為85.33 ± 6.43 %。在實際應用上，舍外溫度高於30 ℃時，舍內溫度低於舍外，而於舍外溫度低於25 ℃時，舍內溫度高於舍外，且舍內相對濕度皆維持在80 %以上。當舍外高溫達37.2 ℃，水牆降溫達7.2 ℃，降溫效率達74.2 %，可有效降低進入鵝舍內之空氣溫度。種鵝之性能方面，種鵝產蛋率自5月25日達5 %以上，配合強迫休產，迄當年12月10日低於10 %，產蛋期達200天，平均產蛋率為33.2 %，平均產蛋數66.3個，均優於臺灣一般種鵝之平均產蛋性能；種蛋受精率隨光照時間增加而降低，平均受精率為80.0 %；本鵝舍配合光照控制可達產期調節之效果。環控鵝舍由入鵝開始，經產期調節至停料休產，每隻鵝的生產成本為1790.8元，經濟收益為3068元，經濟效益為正1277.2元，投資與報酬為正相關，並可藉由改善飼養管理，減少鵝隻死亡，降低生產成本，並改善產蛋數、種蛋受精率與孵化率，提高經濟效益。