1. NCHU Institution Repository
  2. 農業暨自然資源學院
  3. 生物科技學研究所
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/11455/36169
標題: 阿拉伯芥中兩個E3 RING finger基因之功能性分析及文心蘭C與E MADS box基因RNAi載體之構築
Functional analysis of two E3 RING finger genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and construction of RNAi constructs for C and E functional MADS box genes in Oncidium 'Gower Ramsey'
作者: 張廉仕
Chang, Lien-Shih
關鍵字: Arabidopsis;阿拉伯芥;ubiquitin;flowering gene;RING9;RING10;文心蘭;泛素;開花基因;RING9基因;RING10基因
出版社: 生物科技學研究所
引用: (第一章) 郭家緯 (2007) 探討阿拉伯芥中E3 RING finger 基因與文心蘭中CONSTANS (CO)-like 基因調控植物發育及開花之特性。國立中興大學生物科技研究所碩士論文。 劉祥欽 (2003) 擬南芥中E3 RING Finger基因之分子選殖及特性分析。國立中興大學生物科技學研究所碩士論文。 Azevedo, C., Santos-Rosa, M.J. and Shirasu, K. (2001). The U-box protein family in plants. Trends plant sci. 6: 354-358. Bachmair, A., Novatchkova, M., Potuschak, T. and Eisenhaber, F. (2001). Ubiquitylation in plants: a post-genomic look at a post-translational modification. Trends plant sci. 6: 463-470. Brand, U., Fletcher, J.C., Hobe, M., Meyerowitz, E.M. and Simon, R. (2000) Dependence of stem cell fate in Arabidopsis on a feedback loop regulated by CLV3 activity. Science 289: 617–619. Chandu, D. and Nandi, D. (2002). From proteins to peptides to amino acids: comparative genomics of enzymes involved in downstream events during cytosolic protein degradation. Appl. Genom. Proteom. 4: 235–252. Chandu, D. and Nandi, D. (2004). Comparative genomics and functional roles of the ATP-dependent proteases Lon and Clp during cytosolic protein degradation. Res. Microbiol. 155: 710–719. Chattopadhyay, S., Ang, L.H., Puente, P., Deng, X.W. and Wei, N. (1998). Arabidopsis bZIP protein HY5 directly interacts with light-responsive promoters in mediating light control of gene expression. Plant Cell 10: 673-683. Clark, S.E., Jacobsen, S.E., Levin, J.Z. and Meyerowitz, E.M. (1996) The CLAVATA and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS loci competitively regulate meristem activity in Arabidopsis. Development 122: 1567–1575. Clark, S.E., Williams, R.W. and Meyerowitz, E.M. (1997) The CLAVATA1 gene encodes a putative receptor kinase that controls shoot and floral meristem size in Arabidopsis. Cell 89: 575–585. Clough S.J. and Bent A.F. (1998) Floral dip: a simplified method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 16: 735-743. Fu, H., Reis, N., Lee, Y., Glickman, M.H. and Vierstra, R.D. (2001). Subunit interaction maps for the regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome and the COP9 signalosome. EMBO J. 20: 7096-7107. Gagne, J.M., Downes, B.P., Shiu, S.H., Durski, A.M. and Vierstra, R.D. (2002). The F-box subunit of the SCF E3 complex is encoded by a diverse superfamily of genes in Arabidopsis. PNAS. 99: 11519-11524. Greve, K., Cour, T. L., Jensen, M. K., Poulsen, F. M. and Skriver, K. (2003). Interactions between plant RING-H2 and plant-specific NAC (NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2) proteins : RING-H2 molecular specificity and cellular localization. Biochem J. 371: 97-108. Hardtke CS, Okamoto H, Stoop-Myer C and Deng XW. (2002). Biochemical evidence for ubiquitin ligase activity of the Arabidopsis COP1 interacting protein 8 (CIP8). Plant J. 30(4): 385-394. Hellmann, H., Hobbie, L., Chapman, A., Dharmasiri, S., Dharmasiri, N., del Pozo, C., Reinhardt, D. and Estelle, M. (2003). Arabidopsis AXR6 encodes CUL1 implicating SCF E3 ligases in auxin regulation of embryogenesis. EMBO J. 22: 3314–3325. Jackson, P. K., Eldridge, A. G., Freed, E., Furstenthal, L., Hsu, J. Y., Kaiser, B. K. and Reimann, J. D. R. (2000). The lore of the RINGs: substrate recognition and catalysis by ubiquitin ligases. Trends Cell Biol. 10: 429-439. Jeong, S., Trotochaud, A.E. and Clark, S.E. (1999) The Arabidopsis CLAVATA2 gene encodes a receptor-like protein required for the stability of the CLAVATA1 receptor-like kinase. Plant Cell 11: 1925–1934. Kaya, H., Shibahara K.I., Taoka K.I., Iwabuchi M., Stillman B. and Araki T. (2001) FASCIATA Genes for Chromatin Assembly Factor-1 in Arabidopsis Maintain the Cellular Organization of Apical Meristems. Cell 104: 131-142 Kayes, J.M. and Clark, S.E. (1998) CLAVATA2, a regulator of meristem and organ development in Arabidopsis. Development 125: 3843–3851. Kosarev P, Mayer KF and Hardtke CS (2002). Evaluation and classification of RING-finger domains encoded by the Arabidopsis genome. Genome Biol. 3(4): research0016.1–research0016.12 Lam, Y.A., Lawson, T.G., Velayutham, M., Zweier, J.L. and Pickart, C.M. (2002). A proteasomal ATPase subunit recognizes the polyubiquitin degradation signal. Nature 416: 763-767. Lenhard, M., Jurgens, G. and Laux, T. (2002) The WUSCHEL and SHOOTMERISTEMLESS genes fulfill complementary roles in Arabidopsis shoot meristem regulation. Development 129: 3195–3206. Lenhard, M. and Laux, T. (2003) Stem cell homeostasis in the Arabidopsis shoot meristem is regulated by intercellular movement of CLAVATA3 and its sequestration by CLAVATA1. Development 130: 3163–3173. Oyama, T., Shimura, Y. and Okada, K. (1997). The Arabidopsis HY5 gene encodes a bZIP protein that regulates stimulus-induced development of root and hypocotyl. Genes Dev. 11: 2983-2995. Peters, J.M. (2002). The anaphase-promoting complex: proteolysis in mitosis and beyond. Mol. cell 9: 931-943. Pickart, C.M. (2000). Ubiquitin in chains. Trends biochem sci. 25: 544-548. Sabatini S, Heidstra R, Wildwater M and Scheres B. (2003) SCARECROW is involved in positioning the stem cell niche in the Arabidopsis root meristem. Genes Dev. 17(3): 354-358. Scheres, B., Wolkenfelt, H., Willemsen, V., Terlouw, M., Lawson, E., Dean, C. and Weisbeek, P. (1994). Embryonic origin of the Arabidopsis primary root and root meristem initials. Development 120: 2475-2487. Schoof, H., Lenhard, M., Haecker, A., Mayer, K.F., Jurgens, G. and Laux, T. (2000). The stem cell population of Arabidopsis shoot meristems is maintained by a regulatory loop between the CLAVATA and WUSCHEL genes. Cell 100: 635–644. Schwechheimer C, and Calderon Villalobos LI. (2004). Cullin-containing E3 ubiquitin ligases in plant development. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 7: 677-686. Sonoda, Y., Yao, S.G., Sako, K., Sato, T., Kato, W., Ohto, M.A., Ichikawa, T., Matsui, M., Yamaguchi, J. and Ikeda, A. (2007). SHA1, a novel RING finger protein, functions in shoot apical meristem maintenance in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 50: 586-596. Vierstra, R.D. (2003). The ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway, the complex last chapter in the life of many plant proteins. Trends plant sci. 8: 135-142. Weissman, A.M. (2001). Themes and variations on ubiquitylation. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2: 169-178. Xie Q., Frugis G., Colgan D. and Chua N.H. (2000). Arabidopsis NAC1 transduces auxin signal downstream of TIR1 to promote lateral root development. Genes Dev. 14: 3024-3036. Yan, N., Doelling, J.H., Falbel, T.G., Durski, A.M. and Vierstra, R.D. (2000). The ubiquitin-specific protease family from Arabidopsis. AtUBP1 and 2 are required for the resistance to the amino acid analog canavanine. Plant physiol. 124: 1828-1843. Zheng, N., Schulman, B.A., Song, L., Miller, J.J., Jeffrey, P.D., Wang, P., Chu, C., Koepp, D.M., Elledge, S.J., Pagano, M., Conaway, R.C., Conaway, J.W., Harper, J.W. and Pavletich, N.P. (2002). Structure of the Cul1-Rbx1-Skp1-F boxSkp2 SCF ubiquitin ligase complex. Nature 416: 703-709. (第二章) 吳家偉(2005)文心蘭中B和E功能性之MADS box開花基因之選殖與特性分析。國立中興大學生物科技研究所碩士論文。 邱怡芬(2007)文心蘭中調控開花時間相關基因之選殖與特性分析。國立中興大學生物科技研究所碩士論文。 徐杏芬(2003)文心蘭花朵發育相關之MADS box基因之選殖及功能分析。國立中興大學生物科技研究所博士論文。 Aukerman, M.J., Lee, I., Weigel, D. and Amasino, R.M. (1999) The Arabidopsis flowering-time gene LUMINIDEPENDENS is expressed primarily in regions of cell proliferation and encodes a nuclear protein that regulates LEAFY expression. Plant J. 18: 195–203. Brand, U., Fletcher, J.C., Hobe, M., Meyerowitz, E.M. and Simon, R. (2000). Dependence of stem cell fate in Arabidopsis on a feedback loop regulated by CLV3 activity. Science 289: 617-619. Chandler, J., Wilson, A. and Dean, C. (1996). Arabidopsis mutants showing an altered response to vernalization. Plant J. 10: 637–644. Chou, M.L., Haung, M.D. and Yang, C.H. (2001). EMF genes interact with late-flowering genes in regulating floral initiation genes during shoot development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol. 42: 499–507. Chuang, C-F., Running, M.P., Williams, R.W. and Meyerowitz, E.M. (1999). The PERIANTHIA gene encodes a bZIP protein involved in the determination of floral organ number in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes Dev. 13: 334-344. Clark, S.E., Running, M.P. and Meyerowitz, E.M. (1993). CLAVATA1, a regulator of meristem and flower development in Arabidopsis. Development 119: 397–418. Clark, S.E., Running, M.P. and Meyerowitz, E.M. (1995). CLAVATA3 is a specific regulator of shoot and floral meristem development affecting the same process as CLAVATA1. Development 121: 2057–2067. Clark, S.E., Williams, R.W. and Meyerowitz, E.M. (1997). The CLAVATA1 gene encodes a putative receptor kinase that controls shoot and floral meristem size in Arabidopsis. Cell 89: 575-585 Curtis, I.S., Nam, H.G., Yun, J.Y. and Seo, K.H. (2002). Expression of an antisense GIGANTEA (GI) gene fragment in transgenic radish causes delayed bolting and flowering. Transgenic Res. 11: 249–256. Cutter EG. (1957). Studies of morphogenesis in the Nymphaeaceae.I. Introduction: some aspects of the morphology of Nuphar lutea(L.) SM. and Nymphaea alba L. Phytomorphology 7: 45–56. Ditta, G., Pinyopich, A., Robles, P., Pelaz, S. and Yanofsky, M.F. (2004). The SEP4 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana functions in floral organ and meristem identity. Curr. Biol. 14: 1935–1940. Edwards., K.D. Anderson, P.E., Hall, A., Salathia, N.S., Locke, J.C., Lynn, J.R., Straume, M., Smith J.Q. and Millar A.J. (2006). FLOWERING LOCUS C mediates natural variation in the high-temperature response of the Arabidopsis circadian clock. Plant Cell 18: 639-650. Fletcher, J.C., Brand, U., Running, M.P., Simon, R. and Meyerowitz, E.M. (1999). Signaling of cell fate decisions by CLAVATA3 in Arabidopsis shoot meristems. Science 283: 1911-1914. Henschel, K., Kofuji, R., Hasebe, M., Saedler, H., Münster, T. And Theißen, G. (2002). Two ancient classes of MIKC-type MADS box genes are present in the moss physcomitrella patens. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19: 801–814. Jeong, S., Trotochaud, A.E. and Clark, S.E. (1999). The Arabidopsis CLAVATA2 gene encodes a receptor-like protein required for the stability of the CLAVATA1 receptor-like kinase. Plant Cell 11: 1925-1933. Kaufmann, K., Melzer, R. and Theißen, G. (2005). MIKC-type MADSdomain proteins: structural modularity, protein interactions and network evolution in land plants. Gene 347: 183–198. Koornneef, M., Hanhart, C.J. and van der Veen, J.H. (1991). A genetic and physiological analysis of late-flowering mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol. Gen. Genet. 229: 57–66. Krizek B.A., Fletcher J.C.(2005). Molecular mechanisms of flower development: an armchair guide. Nat. Rev. Genet. 6(9): 688-98. Laux, T., Mayer, K.F.X., Berger, J. and Jürgens, G. (1996). The WUSCHEL gene is required for shoot and floral meristem integrity in Arabidopsis.Development 122: 87-96. Martinez-Zapater, J. M., Jarillo, J. A., Cruz-Alvarez, M., Roldan, M. And Salinas, J. (1995). Arabidopsis late-flowering fve mutants are affected in both vegetative and reproductive development. Plant J. 7: 543–551. Mayer, K.F.X., Schoof, H., Haecker, A., Lenhard, M., Jürgens, G. and Laux, T. (1998). Role of WUSCHEL in regulating stem cell fate in the Arabidopsis shoot meristem. Cell 95: 805-815. Miki D., Itoh R., and Shimamoto K. (2005). RNA silencing of single and multiple members in a gene family of rice. Plant Physiol. 138(4): 1903-1913. Mockler, T.C., Yu, X., Shalitin, D., Parikh, D., Michael, T.P., Liou, J., Huang, J., Smith, Z., Alonso, J.M., Ecker, J.R., Chory, J. and Lin, C. (2004). Regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis by K homology domain proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 24: 12759–12764. Ng, M. and Yanofsky, M.F. (2001). Function and evolution of the plant MADS box gene family. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2: 186–195. Nilsson, O., Lee, I., Blázquez, M.A. and Weigel, D. (1998). Flowering time genes modulate the response to LEAFY activity. Genetics 150: 403–410. Norman, C., Runswick, M., Pollock, R. and Treisman, R. (1988). Isolation and properties of cDNA clones encoding SRF, a transcription factor that binds to the c-Fos serum response element. Cell 55: 989–1003. Onouchi, H., Igeno, M.I., Perilleux, C., Graves, K. and Coupland, G. (2000). Mutagenesis of plants overexpressing CONSTANS demonstrates novel interactions among Arabidopsis flowering-time genes. Plant Cell 12: 885–900. Pařenicová, L., de Folter, S., Kieffer, M., Horner, D.S., Favalli, C.,Busscher, J., Cook, H.E., Ingram, R.M., Kater, M.M., Davies, B., Angenent, G.C. and Colombo, L. (2003). Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the complete MADS box transcription factor family in Arabidopsis: new openings to the MADS world. Plant Cell 15: 1538–1551. Passmore, S., Maine, G.T., Elble, R., Christ, C. and Tye, B.K. (1988). Accharomyces cerevisiae protein involved in plasmid maintenance is necessary for mating of MAT a cells. J. Mol. Biol. 204: 593–606. Pinyopich, A., Ditta, G.S., Savidge, B., Liljegren, S.J., Baumann, E., Wisman, E. and Yanofsky, M.F. (2003). Assessing the redundancy of MADS box genes during carpel and ovule development. Nature 424: 85–88. Pelaz S., Ditta G.S., Baumann E., Wisman E. and Yanofsky M.F. (2000). B and C floral organ identity functions require SEPALLATA MADS-box genes. Nature 405: 200–203. Putterill, J., Robson, F., Lee, K., Simon, R. and Coupland, G. (1995). The CONSTANS gene of Arabidopsis promotes flowering and encodes a protein showing similarities to zinc finger transcription factors. Cell 80: 847–857. Quail, P. H. (2002). Photosensory perception and signalling in plant cells:new paradigms? Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 14: 180–188. Quesada, V., Macknight, R., Dean, C. and Simpson, G.G. (2003). Autoregulation of FCA pre-mRNA processing controls Arabidopsis flowering time. EMBO J. 22: 3142–3152. Rojo, E., Sharma-Vijay, K., Kovaleva, V., Raikhel, N.V. and Fletcher, J.C. (2002). CLV3 is localized to the extracellular space, where it activates the Arabidopsis CLAVATA stem cell signaling pathway. Plant Cell 14: 969-977. Ruiz-Garcia, L., Madueno, F., Wilkinson, M., Haughn, G., Salinas, J. and Martinez-Zapater, J. M. (1997). Different role of flowering time genes in the activation of floral initiation genes in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 9: 1921–1934. Running, M.P., Fletcher, J.C. and Meyerowitz, E.M. (1998). The WIGGUM gene is required for proper regulation of floral meristem size in Arabidopsis. Development 125: 2545–2553. Salathia, N., Davis, S.J., Lynn, J.R., Michaels, S.D., Amasino, R.M. and Millar A.J. (2006). FLOWERING LOUS C-dependent and independent regulation of the circadian clock by the autonomous and vernalization pathways. BMC Plant Biol. 31: 6-10. Schomburg, F. M., Patton, D. A., Meinke, D. W. and Amasino, R. M. (2001). FPA, a gene involved in floral induction in Arabidopsis, encodes a protein containing RNA-recognition motifs. Plant Cell 13: 1427–1436. Schoof, H., Lenhard, M., Haecker, A., Mayer, K. F. X., Jürgens, G. and Laux, T. (2000). The stem cell population of Arabidopsis shoot meristems is maintained by a regulatory loop between the CLAVATA and WUSCHEL genes. Cell 100: 635-644. Sheldon, C.C., Finnegan, E.J., Dennis, E.S. and Peacock W.J. (2006).Quantitative effects of vernalization of FLC and SOC1 expression. Plant J. 45(6): 871-883. Sommer, H., Beltran, J. P., Huijser, P., Pape, H., Lonnig, W. E., Saedler, H. and Schwarz-Sommer, Z. (1990). DEFICIENS, a homeotic gene involved in the control of flower morphogenesis in Antirrhinum majus: the protein shows homology to transcription factors. EMBO J. 9: 605–613. Soppe, W. J., Jacobsen, S. E., Alonso-Blanco, C., Jackson, J. P., Kakutani, T., Koornneef, M. and Peeters, A. J. (2000). The late-flowering phenotype of fwa mutants is caused by gain-of-function epigenetic alleles of a homeodomain gene. Mol. Cell 6: 791–802. Suarez-Lopez, P., Wheatley, K., Robson, F., Onouchi, H., Valverde, F. and Coupland, G. (2001). CONSTANS mediates between the circadian clock and the control of flowering in Arabidopsis. Nature 410: 1116–1120. Sung and Amasino. (2004). Vernalization and epigenetics: how plants remember winter. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 7: 4-10. Theißen, G. (2001). Development of floral organ identity: stories from the MADS house. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 4: 75–85. Theißen, G., Becker, A., Di Rosa, A., Kanno, A., Kim, J. T., Munster, T., Winter, K. U. and Saedler, H. (2000). A short history of MADS box genes in plants. Plant Mol. Biol. 42: 115–149. Wilson, R.N., Heckman, J.W. and Somerville, C.R. (1992). Gibberellin is required for flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana under short days. Plant Physiol. 100: 403–408. Yanofsky, M.F., Ma, H., Bowman, J.L., Drews, G.N., Feldmann, K.A. and Meyerowitz, E.M. (1990). The protein encoded by the Arabidopsis homeotic gene agamous resembles transcription factors. Nature 346: 35–39.
摘要: 
Ubiquitin (Ub) / 26S proteasome參與植物調節生長發育與荷爾蒙訊息等多方面生理功能的調控，而胺基酸的序列上有保守RING-finger domain的RING (Really Interesting New Gene) E3接合酶(E3 ligase)更是扮演重要的角色。本研究中從阿拉伯芥中選殖在演化樹上屬於同一個子群的AtRING9、10，進行功能性的分析。透過RT-PCR定量的方式發現AtRING9在14天幼年植株、腋葉、花苞及根部大量表現；而啟動子驅動GUS報導基因的表現，發現AtRING9主要表現在新生葉、小花苞、頂芽分生組織、葉脈組織及根部。AtRING10在RT-PCR定量中各部位都有表現，在幼年植株、新生花苞及根表現較多，而啟動子驅動GUS報導基因的表現，發現AtRING10主要表現在新生葉、小花苞、頂芽分生組織及根部。初步研究發現去除RING finger domain的AtRING9及全長之AtRING10，在接合GFP螢光分析結果中證實不會進核。透過異位大量表現AtRING10可以發現轉殖株的花序發育遭到抑制或造成終結花序，若異位大量表現反股AtRING10則發現轉殖植株失去頂芽優勢造成花序叢生及葉子捲曲。綜合上述，AtRING9、10對於新生組織特別是分生組織的發育應有一定的影響，而透過轉殖植物觀察進一步推論AtRING10對於分生組織及後續花序的發育扮演負調控的角色 (第一章)。
MADS box基因群對於植物花器生成佔重要的地位，而總共有五群MADS box基因依循一定模式相互協同調控一朵花的生成，所遵循的就是ABCDE model。在阿拉伯芥中，如果A功能基因失去功能會導致花器沒有花瓣與花萼，只有雄蕊跟雌蕊；若B功能基因失去功能會導致花器沒有雄蕊，只有花萼跟雌蕊；若C功能基因失去功能會導致花變成只具花萼及花瓣之重瓣花；E功能基因失去功能會導致所有花器被葉狀的萼片取代。本研究以阿拉伯芥MADS box基因的突變性狀為基準，透過RNAi技術抑制文心蘭C (OMADS4) 或E (OMADS6、7、11) 功能性MADS box基因表現，期望能在文心蘭當中看見重瓣花或是都是萼片的花，藉此創造新的文心蘭花型，也更進一步的確認實驗室所選殖到的OMADS box基因對文心蘭花器生成與調控所扮演真正的角色。本實驗因此對OMADS4設計其專一序列構築單一基因之RNAi構築體，而對E 功能之OMADS6、7、11則構築同時含三個基因專一序列之RNAi之構築體，以利後續文心蘭轉殖之實驗，期望能對多基因達到抑制效果 (第二章)。

E3s RING (Really Interesting New Gene) finger proteins contain a conserved RING motif and play key roles in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis which has a central role in many processes of plant development. Two RING genes, AtRING9 and AtRING10, were isolated and characterized from Arabidopsis. AtRING9 mRNA is highly expressed in 14-d-old seedling, cauline leaf, flower buds and roots. Further promoter assay by transformed constructs containing AtRING9 promoter fused with report GUS gene indicated AtRING9 is expressed in young leaf, flower buds, SAM (shoot apical meristem), veins and roots. AtRING10 mRNA is expressed in all the organs tested with relatively high expression in seedling, flower buds and roots. Further promoter assay by transformed constructs fused the promoter of AtRING10 with report GUS gene indicated AtRING10 expressed in young leaf, flower buds, SAM and roots. Further analysis indicated that AtRING9 without RING finger domain and the full length of AtRING10 could not enter nucleus by fused with GFP. Ectopic expression of sense and anti-sense for AtRING10 was performed and phenotypic analyzed. The result indicated that sense transgenic plants delayed the flowering time and produced terminal flowers. The anti-sense transgenic plants lost apical dominance and produced curly leaves. These data indicated that AtRING9 and 10 may play roles in regulating SAM activity and controlling the inflorescence development (Chapter 1).
MADS box gene played a critical roles in floral organ development. ABCDE model predicts the formation of flower organ by the interaction of five classes of MADS box genes in plant. To generate transgenic flowers with novel phenotype of Oncidium ‘Gower Ramsey ’ with silence of the C (OMADS4) or E (OMADS6、7、11) function genes, RNAi strategy was performed. RNAi construct contained conserved region specific for OMADS4 was constructed. In addition, three conserved regions, specific for OMADS6, 7, 11 respectively, were constructed in the same RNAi construct. Further transformed these constructs into Oncidium in the future will expect to generate transgenic plants with novel flower phenotype (Chapter 2).
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11455/36169
其他識別: U0005-1208200802332100
Appears in Collections:生物科技學研究所

Show full item record
 
TAIR Related Article

Google ScholarTM

Check


Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.