惠蓀實驗林場楠櫧帶次生林植群生態之研究

Abstract

本研究乃針對惠蓀實驗林場次生林之植群演替作一詳細的調查，並利用矩 陣群團分析、分布序列等分析方法及相關分析等，來探討次生林之植群生 態。矩陣群團分析結果，本調查區之次生林共可分為五個林型，依次 為(1)樟樹－五蕊虎皮楠 林型、(2)香桂－白匏子 林型、(3)菱果石櫟－ 臺灣二葉松 林型、(4) 白匏子－小梗黃肉楠 林型、(5)山黃麻－澀葉榕 林型。在本研究區以第二種林型包涵最廣，應為本區次生林之代表林型。 分布序列分群的結果，極點分布序列與群團分析相近似，主成分分析則有 所不同。分布序列及各種相關分析所得之結果，可作為植物與環境因子間 複雜交互作用之解說，並有助於對次生林植群生態之瞭解。環境因子間、 植物種間、種與環境因子間之相關分析對植物生態職位之描述，可為次生 林撫育之參考。就林分構造觀之，目前森林次級序列仍在進行，而未達安 定之極盛相，次生林的演替方向，將由陽性樹種佔優勢之植物社會，逐漸 轉為以樟科、殼斗科等陰性樹種為主之植物社會，其路徑與臺灣中低海拔 天然闊葉樹林之演替方向相吻合。在次生林的演替過程中，由於植物與環 境間之相互影響，而使植物社會構造產生動態變化，因此對次生林之研究 ，如能設立永久樣區長期觀測，將有助於對本省中部地區森林組成的瞭解 ，並加強次生林基本資料之建立，以提供制定次生林經營計畫與保育政策 之參考。

The secondary forest can be divided into 5 forest types according to the results of Matrix culster analysis: (1)Cinnamomum camphora-Daphniphyllum pentandrum forest type (2)Cinnamomum randaiense-Mallotus paniculatus forest type (3)Pasania rhomocarpa-Pinus taiwanensis type (4)Mallotus paniculatus-Litea Kostermansii forest type (5)Trema orientalis- Ficus irisana forest type. It is clear from this study that the second forest type is the most abundant & typical one. In particular, according to the results of distributoin ordination that the Polar Ordination is quite similar to that of the Matrix cluster analysis, however it showed apparent differences from the results of Principle Component Analysis. The results obtained form the distribution ordination and relation analysis play a large role in interpretation of the complicated interaction between vegetation and environmental factors. Furthermore, it is understood that the relationship between environmental factors, varieties, species and environment are available to elucidate the vegetational ecology of secondary forest.In view of the stand structure, the succession sere is in processing and has not come into the climax. Tolerant trees i.e., Lauraceae and Fagaceae species, the dominant species in the vegetation communities will replace the intolerant species as succession proceeds. Considering the successional change of the above statements, which is corresponding to that of broad- leaved forest grown in the middle and low altitude area of Taiwan.