地理資訊系統在森林經營管理上之應用 ── 以自然保護區為例

Abstract

本論文係以自然保護區為例，探討地理資訊系統如何應用於生態資源調查 、分析與自然保護區之經營管理。其結果摘要如下： (一)、地區性之地 理資訊系統應優先設立。本研究完成自然保護區之資訊系統架構。 (二) 、數值地形之建立以距離平方倒數加權平均法內差成網格寬度 40m×40m 時，其效果最佳，本研究發展坡度、坡向、水份梯度、日輻射潛能及全天 光空域等物理環境因子之空間性資料推估。 (三)、應用數值地形模型進 行天然林之衛星遙測影像地形常態化處理，結果 SPOT 遙測影像以二階段 統計糾正法效果最佳，LANDSAT 遙測影像則以非藍氏反射模式糾正法最佳 。 (四)、以 ARC/INFO 地理資訊系統配合自行設計之電腦程式，建立台 灣穗花杉自然保留區及霧頭山自然保護區之生態資料庫。 (五)、利用地 理資訊系統建立立木之空間及屬性資料，文中討論台灣穗花杉族群之生育 地分析、立木空間分布及生長分析，並推導出台灣穗花杉族群於該保留區 之生態最適界範圍。 (六)、山羌之棲息地分析可知地面調查資料所建立 之評估準則，為應用地理資訊系統推估空間性資訊不可或缺之過程，而地 理資訊系統則為資料整合之有效工具。 (七)、以 59 個地面樣區之植群 及環境因子資料，配合該地區之地理資訊系統，進行分類其結果可知，植 群分類之準確度為 71.4%，Weibull直徑分布 B介量為 60.7%，C 介量為 67.5%，而植群歧異度為

This paper, taking nature reserve as an example, explores how to apply GIS to the analysis and inventory of ecological systems as well as to the general management of nature reserves. The summary of the obtained results is as follows: As the locality-oriented analysis of information system in nature reserve shows, local GIS should be first built because one nature reserve should lay a great emphasis on different stages in management planning operation in order to correspond with the request of efficiency and cost, this study has established a structure of information system for nature reserves. According to the accuracy test and efficiency analysis of DTM and the focal point of the research is on interpolation treatment, the best result can be obtained if grid elevation interpolation is proceed by the method of weighted mean of distance square and 40x40 m grid width. Using DTM precede normalization of topographic effect of satellite remote sensing imagery in natural forest through three normalization techniques. The result indicates that the application of the Two-stage statistic method for SPOT imagery and that of Non-Lambertian reflectance model for LANDSAT imagery are the most successful technique respectively for reducing topographic effects. The installation of auto-camera can collect animal data from sample plots. By making use of forest classification data and digital terrain model information provided by remote sensing imagery in GIS, matched with Fuzzy set theory, the habitat analysis of Munticaus reeve micrurus can be obtained. By matching GIS with relational models of ecological variables and environmental factors, can be used to deduce the spacing of ecological information. And the accuracy of vegetation classification is 71.4%, B and C parameter of Weibull diameter distribution are 60.7% and 67.5% respectively, and vegetation diversity is 62.4%.