Study of Laying Period Modulation of Breeding Geese in a Cooling Pad House

Abstract

本研究之目的為探討水簾環控鵝舍對種鵝產期調控之影響，建立有效的產期調控技術與資料，利用水簾環控鵝舍調控種鵝產期，探討對種鵝繁殖性能之影響。 試驗一：白羅曼鵝7,136隻(母鵝5,947隻，公鵝1,189隻)於68週齡隨機分為水簾環控(A組)、傳統產期調節(B組)及對照組(C組)。A組飼養在水簾環控鵝舍，於夏季高溫時，控制進入鵝舍之空氣溫度低於30 ℃以下，風速在2 m/s。B與C組飼養在傳統式鵝舍。結果顯示：A組鵝隻產蛋期不同於B與C組，橫跨整個非繁殖期(4-10月)。種鵝繁殖性能方面，產蛋期以A組177天較B組(94天)與C組(147天)長；平均產蛋率、平均種蛋受精率與平均種蛋孵化率於各組間無明顯差異(P>0.05)；平均每隻母鵝產蛋數以A組(54.9個)最多，分別較B組(26.1個)與C組(41.0個)多出110 %與33.9 %；平均每隻母鵝出雛數以A組40.6隻最多，分別較B組(18.9隻)與C組(25.5隻)多出114.8 %與59.2 %。A組除產蛋率與高水準傳統組接近外，產蛋期較之延長42天、產蛋數較之多出37.3 %、種蛋受精率與孵化率較之為佳(P<0.05)，出雛數較之多出62.4 %。 試驗二：以水簾環控鵝舍調控第二產與第三產種鵝產期，探討對其繁殖性能之影響及產期調控效果，試驗採二重複，將預定進入第二產種鵝1,050隻(公鵝210隻，母鵝840隻)與第三產種鵝790隻(公鵝158隻，母鵝632隻) ，分別隨機分為 A2、B2、A3與B3試驗組，分別飼養在A棟與B棟水簾環控鵝舍內，依產期調控模式進行產期調節。結果顯示：第二產與第三產種鵝產蛋期橫跨整個非繁殖期(4-10月)，產蛋期分別為204天與203天；平均產蛋率、平均種蛋受精率與孵化率各組間無明顯差異(P > 0.05)；平均每隻母鵝產蛋數分別為59.3個與57.1個；平均每隻母鵝出雛數分別為39.4與40.1隻。第二產與第三產種鵝之繁殖性能相同，且除產蛋率明顯低高水準傳統組(P<0.05)，產蛋期分別較之延長69天與68天，平均每隻母鵝產蛋數分別較之多出48.3 %與42.8 %，平均母鵝出雛數分別較之高出57.6 %與60.4 %。 本研究證明運用水簾環控鵝舍，配合產期調控模式，可將鵝隻產蛋期完全調整至非繁殖期(4-10月)，且鵝隻繁殖性能亦較佳於正常產期，具有延長鵝隻產蛋期之效果，並增加鵝隻整年之產蛋數與出雛數。本研究證明第二產與第三產之種鵝，其性能表現之產蛋期、產蛋數與出雛數均優於高水準傳統組。

The objective of this study was to explore the influence of laying period modulation of breeding geese in water pad environment control goose house. The effective modulation technology and data of laying period was established in this study. The water pad environment control goose house was applied to adjust the reproductive period to evaluate the performance of breeding geese. Experiment Ⅰ ： A total of 7,136 White Roman geese (5,947 female geese and 1,189 male geese) at 68 weeks of age were randomly divided into period adjustment with water pad environment control set (A), natal period adjustment with tradition goose house set (B) and natural period with tradition goose house set (C). The parameters were controlled as followings: the entering air temperature was under 30 ℃, the wind speed equaled 2 m/s and the illumination system was below 12 hours. Result indicated that laying period of set A was across all non-reproduction season different with B and C set. The laying period of the A, B and C set was 177, 94 and 147 days individually. The average laying rate, hatchability and fertilization rate among three sets were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The average egg production number per female goose of set A (54.9 eggs) was the highest which was more than that of set B (26.1 eggs) with 110 % and set c (41.0 eggs) with 33.9 %. The average product gosling number per female goose of set A (40.6 birds) was the highest which was more than that of set B (18.9 birds) with 114.8 % and set C (25.5 birds) with 59.2 %. The performance comparisons between set A and high level traditional breeding goose were made. The laying rate was very close for both sets. The laying period was more than that of traditional one with 42 days. The egg production was more than that of traditional one with 37.3 %. The hatchability and fertilization rate of breeding egg for set A were higher than those of traditional one (p < 0.05). The gosling numbers was more than that of traditional one with 62.4 %. Experiment Ⅱ：The water pad environment control goose house was applied to adjust the reproductive period to evaluate the performance and modulation effect of 2nd and 3th laying season breeding geese. The experiment was two replicas. The breeding geese will into 2nd and 3th laying season were 1,050 (210 male geese and 840 female geese) and 790 (158 male geese and 632 female geese) birds which were randomly divided into experiment set A2, B2, A3 and B3 individually. The breeding geese were according to laying period modulation model reared in the goose house A and B of water pad environment control. Result indicate that laying period of 2nd and 3th laying season breeding geese were across all non-reproduction season (April to October). The laying period was 204 days and 203 days individually. The average laying rate, hatchability and fertilization rate of breeding egg between two sets were not significantly different (P>0.05). The average egg production number per female goose was 59.3 eggs and 57.1 eggs individually. The average product gosling number per female goose was 39.4 birds and 40.1 birds individually. The reproduction performance of 2nd and 3th laying season breeding geese were very close. The performance of 2nd and 3th laying season breeding geese comparison with high level traditional breeding goose were made. The laying rate of 2nd and 3th laying season breeding geese were lower than that of traditional one (P<0.05). The laying period of 2nd and 3th laying season breeding geese were longer than that of traditional one with 69 days and 68 days individually. The egg production per female goose of 2nd and 3th laying season breeding geese were more than that of traditional one with 48.3 % and 42.8 % individually. The gosling numbers per female goose of 2nd and 3th laying season breeding geese were higher than that of the traditional one with 57.6 % and 60.4 % individually. Therefore, there was proved in this study that the laying period of goose could be adjusted to the non-breeding period and extended it with laying period modulation model in the water pad environment control goose house. The reproductive performance of goose was better than normal production season. The annual egg laying amount and the gosling amount of the geese could both be increased. The laying period, laying rate and product gosling number of performance presentation for 2nd and 3th laying season breeding geese were proved that was better than high level tradition set in this study.