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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/11455/91431
標題: Optimal Dimensional Tolerance Analysis and Allocation for a Machine Tool Spindle
工具機主軸尺度公差分析與最佳化配置
作者: 涂國豪
Guo-Hao Tu
關鍵字: No;無
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He, 'Tolerancing for Manufacturing via Cost Minimization,' International Journal of Machine Tools Manufacturer, Vol.31, No.4, 1991, pp.455-470. [Tsai, 1993] J.-C. Tsai, Tolerance Reasoning for Concurrent CAD/CAM Systems, Ph. D. Dissertation, Stanford University, 1993. [Ngoi et al., 1996] B. Ngoi, K. Ann, M. Seow, and M. Seng, 'Tolerance Synthesis Adopting a Nonlinear Programming Approach,' International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol.11, No.6, 1996, pp.387-393. [Tsai et al., 1997] J.-C. Tsai, J.-N. Hou and P.-C. Tseng, 'Tolerance Analysis of A Motor Build-In Spindle,' Proceedings of The 1997 International Conference on Precision Engineering, 1997, pp. 89-94, [Ramani et al., 1998] B. Ramani, S. H. Cherachi and J. M. Twomey, 'CAD-Based Integrated Tolerancing System,' International Journal of Production Research, Vol.36, No.10, 1998, pp.2891-2910. [Ngoi et al., 1999] B. K. A. Ngoi, L. E. N. Lim , P. S. Ang and A. S. Ong, 'Assembly Tolerance Stack Analysis for Geometric Characteristics in Form Control – the 'Catena?Method,' International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol.15, No.4, 1999, pp.292-298. [Clerc, 1999] M. Clerc, 'The Swarm and the Queen: towards a Deterministic and Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization,' Proceedings of the Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 1999, pp.1951-1957. [Eberhart & Shi, 2000] R. C. Eberhart and Y. Shi, 'Comparing Inertia Weights and Constriction Factors in Particle Swarm Optimization,' Proceedings of the Congress on Evolutionary Computating, 2000, pp.84-88. [Ji & Xue, 2002] P. Ji and J. B. Xue, 'Process Tolerance Control in a 2D Angular Tolerance chart,' International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol.20, No.9, 2002, pp.649-654. [Yeh & Chang,2003] C.-C.Yeh and P.-L. Chang, 'The Taiwan system of innovation in the tool machine industry: A case study,' Journal of engineering and Technology Management – JET-M, Vol.20, No.4, 2003, pp.367-380. [Prabhaharan et al., 2004] G. Prabhaharan, P. Asokan and S. Rajendran, 'Genetic-algorithm-base Optimal Tolerance Allocation using a Least-cost Model,' International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol.24, No.9-10, 2004, pp.647-660. [Haq et al., 2006] A. N. Haq, K. Sivakumar and K. Karthikeyan, 'Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm for Optimal Machining Allocation of Clutch Assembly,' International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol.27, No.9-10, 2006, pp.865-869. [Kumar & Kannan, 2007] M. S. Kumar and S. M. Kannan, 'Optimum manufacturing tolerance to selective assembly technique for different assembly specifications by using genetic algorithm,' International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol.32, 2007, pp.591-598. [Kumaravel et al., 2007] P. Kumaravel, S. Anand and P. V. Mohanram, 'Cost optimization of Process Tolerance Allocation-a tree Based Approach,' International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol.34, 2007, pp.703-713. [Bai, 2010] Q. Bai, 'Analysis of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm,' Computer and Information Science, Vol.3, No.1, 2010, pp.180-184. [Cheng & Tsai, 2011] K.-M. Cheng and J.-C. Tsai, 'Optimal Statistical Tolerance Allocation of Assemblies for Minimum Manufacturing Cost,' Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vols. 52-54, 2011, pp.1818-1823. [CNS4-1,1987]CNS4-1, 限界與配合(公差與偏差制度)，經濟部中央標準局，1987。 [蔡志成＆鄭國德，1995] 蔡志成、鄭國德， '區間與統計公差正逆向四則運算方法之發展'， 中國機械工程學會第 12 屆學術研討會論文集（設計與製造），1995，731-740 頁。 [蔡志成等人，1996] 蔡志成、侯靖男、曾柏昌， '公差分析在產品設計之應用'，中國機械工程學會第十三屆學術研討會論文集（製造），1996，360-367 頁。 [蔡志成＆石進名，1997] 蔡志成、石進名，'車削加工之線性公差累積分析與分配最佳化'，中國機械工程學會第十四屆學術研討會論文集（製造與生產），1997，1-8 頁。 [鄭蕉杏，2005] 鄭蕉杏，公差分析之研究，大葉大學機械工程研究所碩士論文，2005。 [蔡志成等人，2008] 蔡志成、朱益伸與陳定宇， '工具機主軸公差與組裝精度變異分析'，機械工業，第 300 期，2008，23-30 頁。 [蔡志成等人，2009] 蔡志成、朱益伸與陳定宇， '工具機主軸公差調整策略與方法'，機械工業，第 312 期，2009，76-86 頁。 [蔡志成，2010] 蔡志成， '機械的基礎--精度、誤差、偏差和公差'， 機械零組件通報，第16 期，2010，3-4 頁。 [蔡志成等人，2010] 蔡志成、黃政德、陳正達與張恩生， '車削中心主軸組裝精度之變異分析與公差調配'，機械工業，第 324 期，2010，98-104 頁。 [蔡志成等人，2012] 蔡志成、邱顯俊、吳尚融、黃冠鈞、陳昭亮、謝宏裕， '龍門加工機主軸之結構與公差設計分析'，機械工業，第 348 期，2012，69-80 頁。 [黃建中，2013a] 黃建中， '2012 年台灣工具機進出口分析'， 工具機與零組件， No.48，2013，36-47 頁。 [黃建中 2013b] 黃建中 '2012 年台灣工具機零組件進出口分析' 工具機與零組件 No.48，2013，48-55 頁。 [蔡志成等人，2014] 蔡志成、涂國豪、陳正陽、徐富庭、黃興上， '加工中心機主軸之電腦輔助公差分析與配置'，機械月刊，第 466 期，2014，46-53 頁。
摘要: 
Machine tool is the most fundamental machinery in manufacturing industry. The spindle is one of the most critical modules of a machine tool. It is an important issue how to allocate proper tolerancing specifications to components of the spindle. This paper develops a computer-aided tolerance analysis and allocation (CATAA) system for tolerance analysis and adjustment of a machine tool spindle. The developed system is capable for analyzing assembly tolerance stack-up of the spindle. It further provides the function for automatic converting tolerance specification into equivalent IT precision grade that is important for tolerance adjustment or re-allocation. Furthermore, the CATAA system is able to estimate machining cost for each tolerance allocation based on cost-tolerancing information provided by the maker. The HSK-A63 spindle by the She Hong Industrial Co., Ltd. is employed as an example to illustrate these functions. Based on the re-allocation, the cost can be reduced 4.5% if the assembled tolerance stack-up keeps the same. On the other hand, the assembled tolerance can be reduced 25% under the same machining cost with the developed CATAA system.

工具機為製造產品之加工設備，其精度要求高，而主軸為工具機最為關鍵之組件，其公差設計影響其精度與性能，如何在設計階段配置合適之公差乃是主軸設計的關鍵技術之一。

本研究即針對工具機主軸，探討設計公差之分析與配置，並以最佳化方法搭配不同設計策略進行公差配置。本研究先針對工具機主軸探討最佳化公差配置的方法，並建構一分析軟體提供設計者分析與配置使用，以原始設計資料進行組裝公差分析，分析方法包括建構主軸系統之產品架構與公差網路，再根據主軸組裝所對應公差網路中之路徑，分析其公差累積造成之精度變異。公差配置則是根據零組件精度對應之加工成本，建立以階梯函數表示之製程成本，透過粒子群最佳化法，同時考量製程成本以及主軸組裝誤差與個別公差範圍之限制條件建立主軸組裝公差與加工成本之最佳組合模式，進一步以此模式以及不同公差調整策略進行最佳化公差配置。

本研究並將所研發之成果建置一公差分析軟體系統 除可進行尺寸之組裝公差分析之外，，亦可檢視關鍵尺寸與公差之精度等級，且提供利用精度等級進行公差調整與估算加工成本，文中以協鴻公司之 HSK-A63 主軸為例，逐步說明所開發之公差分析與配置軟體之功能。透過此系統之公差最佳化配置，在主軸精度變異量維持不變之前提下，加工成本可降低 4.5%；若維持其加工成本不變但以提升精度為目標，配置結果顯示精度可提升 25%，顯示原始設計經由公差調整策略與本系統之公差配置法，可有效控制主軸組裝精度與成本，提供主軸組裝公差配置之依據。
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11455/91431
Rights: 同意授權瀏覽/列印電子全文服務，2018-07-15起公開。
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