全球化下的反毒戰爭— 各階段禁毒策略成效之分析

Abstract

The way that most countries choose to control illicit drugs was to prohibit them. It is desperately, they cannot stop the drug from spreading into their countries during the last century. Therefore, some adjustment must be made rather than just banning them. For countries which cultivate illicit opium poppy and drug productions, had been blaming by the countries which suffered from the illicit drugs they produced. Those countries could not understand why they choose to grow opium poppy even though they knew these plants would do harm to people's health and threatening the society. Moreover, influence the political status of the country. It was until some researcher realized that these opium poppy farmers live in poverty and is able to reduce illicit opium poppy cultivation by growing alternative crops which are able to improve their economic status. In this article, we would take Myanmar, which is one of the well-know country for illicit drug cultivation, as an example to discuss about the Alternative Development (AD) that implemented by UN and related associations. Taiwan government defines drug addicts as criminal in the 'Anti-drug Campaign'. It was until recently that the government revised this campaign into 'Statute for Narcotics Hazard Control' which considers the drug addict as a patient,instead of a criminal. Taiwan government put lots of effort in the drug control during these years and the situation of 1st & 2nd grade drugs and AIDS had been well improved, but losing control to the new coming threat: Stimulation drugs. There are researches showing that the main reason for teenagers to use drugs is due to curiosity. Therefore, more people are thinking to learn from the Netherland experience and allow people to contact drugs with lesser harm, rather for them to take stimulation that would cause great harm to the body. All drugs were considered illegal in Taiwan and prohibited for both plantation and trading. However, the drugs problem is still un-controllable and spreading all over the country. In Netherland, some drugs were allowed, but the population of drug additions did not grow under this condition. There will be more discussion about the drug situation between Taiwan and Netherland in the article. Learning from the experience of Netherland's drug policy and improve the current drug policy of Taiwan.

大多數國家面對毒品大多採禁絕手段，但這近百年來毒品的氾濫已漫延全球，顯見禁絕的方向應有修正的必要。 產毒國家長久以來背負著罵名，外界不懂為何明知罌粟、古柯等植物會使人成癮，卻還要非法種植，不但危害個人健康、敗壞社會治安，更甚者動搖國本。直至有人注意到了這些產毒國家的農民生活困苦，才開始伸出援手挹注資金、提供技術，讓農民能種植其他經濟作物改善生活，想徹底改善產毒國家的經濟型態。 本篇文章在眾多產毒國家中，舉緬甸為例，藉此探討產毒國家在聯合國和其他國際組織的協助下，發展替代計劃的過程和成效。 臺灣從「肅清煙毒條例」將毒品成癮者視為犯人，一直到現在改為「毒品危害防制條例」將成癮者視為病犯，在這過程中臺灣政府做了很多處遇措施，對於一、二級毒品及愛滋病的氾濫似乎有趨於穩定的現象，但對於近年新興的合成毒品卻束手無策。 有研究顯示，一般青少年第一次接觸毒品多是出於好奇心的趨使和同儕的勸說，這不禁讓人想到，如果能仿效荷蘭，開放低成癮性的毒品大麻供人們吸食，在好奇心被滿足的情況下，是否可以減少人們去接觸其他成癮性較高或成份不明的毒品。 在臺灣所有的毒品都是非法，既不能種植更不能販賣，但卻履禁不絕，荷蘭的大麻可以種植也可以販賣，但它的吸毒人口卻趨於穩定，本文分別再以臺灣、荷蘭為例，探討兩個國家的禁毒措施，藉此瞭解臺灣政策有何不足之處，以及荷蘭有何值得借鏡的地方。