中國「一帶一路」的推動：古典地緣政治的解釋

Abstract

本文借用古典地緣政治理論中的生存空間為分析工具檢視中國的一帶一路政策。以中國與一帶一路沿線63個國家的政府高層及一般官員往來為指標，檢視中國對這些國家的重視程度與互動次數的變化，並以2013年12月31日為分水嶺，檢視中國與這些國家在前後兩年的互動變化。本文的結論如下：第一，中國很明顯地更重視Nicholas Spykman論述之邊緣地帶國家，也就是中東、南亞及東南亞國家。第二，中國對油氣的需求及對全球能源政治版圖的理解促使中國以特定的方式追求生存空間，這樣的偏好使得中亞地區也有相當的重要性，雖然重要性可能不若前者。第三，中國對關鍵通道的追求已從能源安全擴展到軍事安全。

This essay borrows the core concept of classical geopolitics theory, lebensraum, to analyze China's One Belt One Road (OBOR) policy. By means of examining the interchange and interaction between government leaders and official from China and those OBOR countries, this essay can argue how China evaluates those countries and how many the interactions China made with those countries occur so far. The conclusions are as below: firstly, it is obvious that China put more emphasis on those rimland countries, that is, those in Middle East, South Asia and Southeast Asia. Secondly, China's quest to the oil and gas and understanding on global energy geopolitics triggers its own way to pursue lebensraum; thus, Central Asia is pivotal to China as well, although its significance is less than the rimland. Thirdly, China's pursuit to the pivotal accesses has been expanded from energy security to the military security.